Monitoring the concentration of plasma glucose is very important to diagnose individuals with diabetes early so that the treatment of diabetes can be done early as well. The earlier diagnosis of the disease allows for better control. In general, the diagnostic determination of subjects with prediabetes or diabetes is based on the criteria of the basal threshold of measured plasma glucose statically. However, using the development of alternative diagnostic methods, the dynamic model of glucose-insulin homeostasis has become an alternative model to be used as a diagnostic model. In this study, the diagnostic model should be modified by adding the function of oral glucose absorption to the change rate of plasma glucose concentration. The modified model will adapt to the subject's diagnostic determination based on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and then the estimation of the diagnostic parameters of the model that fits the OGTT experimental data can be obtained using a modified gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The modified GSA was used to estimate the model parameters to diagnose subjects with characteristics of subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The suitability of the simulation results and the OGTT experimental data is shown by the suitability of the correlation curve results which are assessed based on the coefficient of determination (R²). If the value of R² is above 0.90, it means that the simulation results are said to have a good match with the experimental data. Two parameters that are commonly used as a diagnostic determination are glucose effectiveness which indicates the ability to decrease plasma glucose concentration by itself and insulin sensitivity which measures the effect of interstitial plasma insulin response when plasma glucose concentration increases. In addition, metabolic disorders caused by insulin resistance in diabetes will also be characterized by an increase in plasma glucose. Therefore, the modified model will also be used to diagnose insulin resistance based on OGTT. This diagnostic study shows good compatibility because it is evident that the parameter results obtained from the modified model are within the criteria range of subjects with NGT, IGT, and T2DM based on the literature.

监测血浆葡萄糖浓度对于早期诊断糖尿病患者非常重要，以便糖尿病的治疗也可以及早完成。疾病的早​​期诊断可以更好地控制。通常，对患有前驱糖尿病或糖尿病的受试者的诊断确定是基于静态测量的血浆葡萄糖的基础阈值的标准。然而，随着替代诊断方法的发展，葡萄糖-胰岛素稳态的动态模型已成为可用作诊断模型的替代模型。在本研究中，应通过在血浆葡萄糖浓度变化率中加入口服葡萄糖吸收的函数来修改诊断模型。修改后的模型将适应主题' 基于口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）的诊断确定，然后使用改进的重力搜索算法（GSA）可以得到拟合OGTT实验数据的模型的诊断参数的估计。修改后的 GSA 用于估计模型参数以诊断具有正常糖耐量 (NGT)、糖耐量减低 (IGT) 或糖尿病前期和 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 受试者特征的受试者。模拟结果和 OGTT 实验数据的适用性通过相关曲线结果的适用性显示出来，相关曲线结果是基于确定系数评估的（然后可以使用改进的引力搜索算法（GSA）获得拟合OGTT实验数据的模型诊断参数的估计。修改后的 GSA 用于估计模型参数以诊断具有正常糖耐量 (NGT)、糖耐量减低 (IGT) 或糖尿病前期和 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 受试者特征的受试者。模拟结果和OGTT实验数据的适用性通过相关曲线结果的适用性显示出来，相关曲线结果是基于决定系数评估的（然后可以使用改进的引力搜索算法（GSA）获得拟合OGTT实验数据的模型诊断参数的估计。修改后的 GSA 用于估计模型参数以诊断具有正常糖耐量 (NGT)、糖耐量减低 (IGT) 或糖尿病前期和 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 受试者特征的受试者。模拟结果和 OGTT 实验数据的适用性通过相关曲线结果的适用性显示出来，相关曲线结果是基于确定系数评估的（[R ²）。如果R ²的值大于0.90，说明模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好。通常用作诊断测定的两个参数是葡萄糖有效性，其表明其自身降低血浆葡萄糖浓度的能力和胰岛素敏感性，其测量当血浆葡萄糖浓度增加时间质血浆胰岛素反应的影响。此外，糖尿病胰岛素抵抗引起的代谢紊乱也会以血浆葡萄糖升高为特征。因此，修改后的模型也将用于诊断基于 OGTT 的胰岛素抵抗。该诊断研究显示出良好的兼容性，因为很明显，从修改后的模型中获得的参数结果在 NGT、IGT、