Our objective was to evaluate the effects of applying silage additives to high moisture grain silage (HMGS) on its quality (objective 1) and performance of dairy cows (objective 2). Additionally, this study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing dry grain (DG) with HMGS on performance of lactating dairy cows (objective 3). Silage quality (dataset composed by 8 studies with 32 treatment means), was evaluated by weighted means difference (WMD) between the control (HMGS with no silage additives) and treated-HMGS (HMGS treated with silage additives) groups. The effects of replacing DG with HMGS on performance of lactating dairy cows (dataset composed by 18 studies with 34 treatment means) was evaluated by WMD between the control group (diets with no HMGS) and HMGS group (diets with HMGS replacing DG). Treatment means were weighted by the inverse of the variance. Applying silage additives to HMGS had no effect on silage pH (P = 0.27), DM recovery (P = 0.18), ethanol (P = 0.18) and counts of yeasts (P = 0.86) and molds (P = 0.13). However, increased silage concentrations of N-NH₃ (WMD = 0.49 g/kg of total nitrogen; P < .0001), acetate (WMD = 0.75g/kg of DM; P = 0.003), and propionate (WMD = 0.08g/kg of DM; P = 0.01) were reported in treated-HMGS. Inclusion of silage additives reduced DM (P = 0.01) and aerobic stability (WMD = -26.43 h; P < .0001) of HMGS. Replacing DG with HMGS in dairy cows diets reduced intakes of dry matter (WMD = -0.38 kg/d; P = 0.003) and NDF (WMD = -0.61kg/d; P <.0001). However, increased digestibility of DM (P <.0001), crude protein (P < .0001), NDF (P = 0.05) were reported in cows receiving HMGS (replacing DG). Replacing DG with HMGS did not change milk production (P = 0.34). However, concentration (P = 0.01) and yield (P = 0.01) of milk fat and concentration of milk lactose (P = 0.03) were reduced with feeding HMGS. Concerning the effects of feeding HMGS on ruminal fermentation characteristics, ruminal pH (WMD = -0.07; P < .0001), ruminal N-NH₃ concentration (WMD = -1.15 mg/dL; P = 0.04) and ruminal acetate (WMD = -1.20 mol/100mol; P = 0.02) were reduced with HMGS feeding. In conclusion, applying silage additives to HMGS had no effect on silage quality and performance of lactating dairy cows. A pronounced reduction in silage aerobic stability was reported with inoculating HMGS (P < .0001). Replacing DG with HMGS increased diet digestibility. However, feed intake and concentration of milk fat was reduced when HMGS replaced DG in amounts greater than 300g HMGS/kg of DM.

我们的目标是评估将青贮添加剂应用于高水分谷物青贮 (HMGS) 对其质量（目标 1）和奶牛性能（目标 2）的影响。此外，本研究旨在研究用 HMGS 替代干粮 (DG) 对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响（目标 3）。青贮质量（数据集由 8 项研究和 32 种处理方法组成）通过对照（不含青贮饲料添加剂的 HMGS）和处理过的 HMGS（用青贮饲料添加剂处理的 HMGS）组之间的加权平均差 (WMD) 进行评估。用 HMGS 替代 DG 对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响（数据集由 18 项研究和 34 种处理方式组成）通过 WMD 在对照组（不含 HMGS 的饮食）和 HMGS 组（用 HMGS 替代 DG 的饮食）之间进行评估。处理平均值由方差的倒数加权。将青贮饲料添加剂应用于 HMGS 对青贮饲料的 pH 值没有影响（P  = 0.27)、DM 回收率 ( P  = 0.18)、乙醇 ( P  = 0.18) 以及酵母菌 ( P  = 0.86) 和霉菌 ( P  = 0.13) 的数量。然而，青贮饲料中 N-NH ₃（WMD = 0.49 g/kg 总氮；P < .0001）、乙酸盐（WMD = 0.75g/kg DM；P  = 0.003）和丙酸盐（WMD = 0.08g）的浓度增加/kg DM；P  = 0.01) 在处理的 HMGS 中报告。包含青贮饲料添加剂降低 了 HMGS 的DM ( P  = 0.01) 和有氧稳定性 (WMD = -26.43 h; P < .0001)。在奶牛日粮中用 HMGS 代替 DG 减少了干物质的摄入量（WMD = -0.38 kg/d；P = 0.003) 和 NDF (WMD = -0.61kg/d; P  <.0001)。然而， 据报道，接受 HMGS（替代 DG）的奶牛的 DM ( P  <.0001)、粗蛋白 ( P  < .0001) 和 NDF ( P = 0.05) 的消化率增加。用 HMGS 代替 DG 不会改变牛奶产量（P  = 0.34）。然而， 随着饲喂HMGS  ，乳脂的浓度（P  = 0.01）和产量（P = 0.01）以及乳乳糖的浓度（P = 0.03）降低。关于饲喂 HMGS 对瘤胃发酵特性、瘤胃 pH（WMD = -0.07；P  < .0001）、瘤胃 N-NH ₃浓度（WMD = -1.15 mg/dL；P = 0.04) 和瘤胃乙酸盐 (WMD = -1.20 mol/100mol; P  = 0.02) 随 HMGS 饲喂而降低。总之，将青贮饲料添加剂应用于 HMGS 对泌乳奶牛的青贮质量和性能没有影响。据报道，接种 HMGS 后青贮饲料需氧稳定性显着降低 ( P  < .0001)。用 HMGS 代替 DG 可提高日粮消化率。然而，当 HMGS 以大于 300g HMGS/kg DM 的量替代 DG 时，饲料摄入量和乳脂浓度会降低。