Adding virtual information that is indistinguishable from reality has been a long-awaited goal in Augmented Reality (AR). While already demonstrated in the 1960s, only recently have Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays (OST-HMDs) seen a reemergence, partially thanks to large investments from industry, and are now considered to be the ultimate hardware for augmenting our visual perception. In this article, we provide a thorough review of state-of-the-art OST-HMD-related techniques that are relevant to realize the aim of an AR interface almost indistinguishable from reality. In this work, we have an initial look at human perception to define requirements and goals for implementing such an interface. We follow up by identifying three key challenges for building an OST-HMD-based AR interface that is indistinguishable from reality: spatial realism, temporal realism, and visual realism. We discuss existing works that aim to overcome these challenges while also reflecting against the goal set by human perception. Finally, we give an outlook into promising research directions and expectations for the years to come.

中文翻译：

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迈向难以区分的增强现实

添加与现实无法区分的虚拟信息一直是增强现实 (AR) 中期待已久的目标。虽然在 1960 年代已经展示，但直到最近，光学透视头戴式显示器 (OST-HMD) 才重新出现，部分归功于工业的大量投资，现在被认为是增强我们视觉感知的终极硬件。在本文中，我们对最先进的 OST-HMD 相关技术进行了全面回顾，这些技术与实现几乎与现实无法区分的 AR 界面的目标相关。在这项工作中，我们初步了解了人类感知，以定义实现此类接口的要求和目标。接下来，我们确定了构建与现实无法区分的基于 OST-HMD 的 AR 界面的三个关键挑战：空间现实主义，时间现实主义和视觉现实主义。我们讨论了旨在克服这些挑战的现有作品，同时也反映了人类感知设定的目标。最后，我们展望了未来几年有前景的研究方向和期望。