A comprehensive approach for opportunistic navigation with fifth-generation (5G) cellular signals that exploits the downlink channel is developed. The structure of possible 5G reference signals that can be exploited is presented. Then, a software-defined receiver (SDR) to extract navigation observables from cellular 5G signals is proposed. The statistics of the code phase error in a multipath-free environment and in the presence of multipath are derived, which are subsequently used to analyze the statistics of the position estimation error with different simulated channel models. Finally, experimental results are conducted to evaluate the ranging performance of the proposed SDR with real 5G signals. After removing the effect of the clock bias and drift from the estimated pseudorange, the ranging error standard deviation is shown to be 1.19 m.

中文翻译：

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使用 5G 信号进行机会定位的接收机设计和到达时间估计

开发了一种利用下行链路信道利用第五代 (5G) 蜂窝信号进行机会导航的综合方法。介绍了可以利用的可能 5G 参考信号的结构。然后，提出了一种从蜂窝 5G 信号中提取导航观测值的软件定义接收器 (SDR)。推导出无多径环境和存在多径环境下的码相误差统计量，随后用于分析不同模拟信道模型的位置估计误差统计量。最后，进行实验结果以评估所提出的 SDR 在真实 5G 信号下的测距性能。从估计的伪距中去除时钟偏差和漂移的影响后，测距误差标准偏差显示为 1.19 m。