The new developments in mobile edge computing (MEC) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications has positioned 5G and beyond in a strong position to answer the market need towards future emerging intelligent transportation systems and smart city applications. The major attractive features of V2X communication is the inherent ability to adapt to any type of network, device, or data, and to ensure robustness, resilience and reliability of the network, which is challenging to realize. In this work, we propose to drive further these features by proposing a novel robust, resilient and reliable architecture for V2X communication based on harnessing MEC and blockchain technology. A three stage computing service is proposed. Firstly, a hierarchcial computing architecture is deployed spanning over the vehicular network that constitutes cloud computing (CC), edge computing (EC), fog computing (FC) nodes. The resources and data bases can migrate from the high capacity cloud services (furthest away from the individual node of the network) to the edge (medium) and low level fog node, according to computing service requirements. Secondly, the resource allocation filters the data according to its significance, and rank the nodes according to their usability, and selects the network technology according to their physical channel characteristics. Thirdly, we propose a blockchain-based transaction service that ensures reliability. We discussed two use cases for experimental analysis, plug-in electric vehicles in smart grid scenarios, and massive IoT data services for autonomous cars. The results show that car connectivity prediction is accurate 98% of the times, where 92% more data blocks are added using micro-blockchain solution compared to the public blockchain, where it is able to reduce the time to sign and compute the proof-of-work (PoW), and deliver a low-overhead Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. This approach can be considered a strong candidate architecture for future V2X, and with more general application for everything-to-everything (X2X) communications.

中文翻译：

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强大、有弹性且可靠的 V2X 通信架构


移动边缘计算 (MEC) 和车联网 (V2X) 通信的新发展使 5G 及其他技术处于有利地位，可以满足未来新兴智能交通系统和智慧城市应用的市场需求。 V2X通信的主要吸引人的特点是能够适应任何类型的网络、设备或数据，并确保网络的鲁棒性、弹性和可靠性，这是实现起来具有挑战性的。在这项工作中，我们建议通过利用 MEC 和区块链技术，提出一种新颖的稳健、弹性和可靠的 V2X 通信架构，进一步推动这些功能。提出了三阶段计算服务。首先，在车载网络上部署分层计算架构，由云计算（CC）、边缘计算（EC）、雾计算（FC）节点组成。根据计算服务需求，资源和数据库可以从高容量云服务（距离网络单个节点最远）迁移到边缘（中）和低级雾节点。其次，资源分配根据数据的重要性对数据进行过滤，根据节点的可用性对节点进行排序，并根据其物理信道特征选择网络技术。第三，我们提出了一种基于区块链的交易服务，确保可靠性。我们讨论了两个用于实验分析的用例，智能电网场景中的插电式电动汽车以及自动驾驶汽车的海量物联网数据服务。 结果表明，汽车连接预测的准确率高达 98%，与公共区块链相比，使用微区块链解决方案添加的数据块多了 92%，并且能够减少签名和计算证明的时间-工作（PoW），并提供低开销的权益证明（PoS）共识机制。这种方法可以被认为是未来 V2X 的有力候选架构，并且可以更广泛地应用于万物对万物 (X2X) 通信。