Photovoltaic (PV) modules convert part of solar radiation into electrical energy. Another fraction of the incident energy causes an increase of the PV module operating temperature, leading to an electrical performance reduction. In the present paper is proposed the passive cooling of a floating PV (FPV) module using 5 fixed heat bridges to reduce the operating temperature and increase the energy conversion efficiency. The modeling developed for a FPV module operating temperature with heat bridges predicts the cooling capacity of the plant. The proposed model is nonlinear algebraic and equations require iterative numerical solution. Experimental tests allowed to compare thermal and electrical behavior of a FPV module and a rooftop (conventional) PV module, both in Fortaleza, Brazil. The FPV module temperature was 3.2C lower than the conventional module temperature, on average. The model developed for FPV module with heat bridges may predict its operating temperature with error around 5%. According to the measurements, the FPV module productivity was 26.1% higher than conventional PV module productivity, on average. Thus, the modeling developed is in condition to predict the thermal behavior and prove the effectiveness of passive cooling.

中文翻译：

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带热桥的浮动光伏模块的实验评估和建模


光伏（PV）模块将部分太阳辐射转化为电能。另一部分入射能量会导致光伏模块工作温度升高，从而导致电气性能下降。本文提出了使用 5 个固定热桥对浮动光伏 (FPV) 模块进行被动冷却，以降低工作温度并提高能量转换效率。针对具有热桥的 FPV 模块工作温度开发的模型可预测工厂的冷却能力。所提出的模型是非线性代数模型，方程需要迭代数值求解。实验测试可以比较 FPV 模块和屋顶（传统）PV 模块的热性能和电气性能，这两个模块均位于巴西福塔莱萨。 FPV组件温度比传统组件温度平均低3.2℃。针对带有热桥的FPV模块开发的模型可以预测其工作温度，误差在5%左右。根据测量，FPV组件产能比传统光伏组件产能平均高出26.1%。因此，所开发的模型可以预测热行为并证明被动冷却的有效性。