Abstract

The thrust to invent new materials and technology has been ever increasing due to technological challenges in progressive world. Among new materials, nanomaterials possess superior optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical, and thermal properties, which have made them suitable for a multitude of applications. The present review paper deals with recent advances in properties of nanostructured glasses and composites in terms optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. A brief discussion has been done on fabrication method of nanostructured glasses. The review of optical properties shows that nanostructured glasses show both direct and indirect band gap and this tuning of band gap depends on extent of nano structuring of samples. The electrical properties also show enhancement in electrical conductivity on nano-structuring of glasses compared to their bulk counterparts. The changes in mechanical and thermal properties of nanostructured glasses and composites are attributed to many microstructural features like grain size and shape, their distribution, pores and their distribution, other flaws/defects and their distribution, surface condition, impurity level, second phases/dopants, stress, duration of its application and temperature effect on the samples. Literature reports that nano structuring leads to enhanced phonon boundary scattering which reduces the thermal conductivity.

摘要

由于进步世界的技术挑战，发明新材料和技术的动力不断增加。在新材料中，纳米材料具有优越的光学、电学、磁学、机械和热学性能，使其适用于多种应用。本综述论文涉及纳米结构玻璃和复合材料在光学、电学、机械和热性能方面的最新进展。对纳米结构玻璃的制备方法进行了简要讨论。光学特性的审查表明，纳米结构玻璃显示出直接和间接带隙，这种带隙的调整取决于样品纳米结构的程度。与大块玻璃相比，电性能还显示出玻璃纳米结构的导电性增强。纳米结构玻璃和复合材料的机械和热性能的变化归因于许多微观结构特征，如晶粒尺寸和形状、它们的分布、孔隙及其分布、其他缺陷/缺陷及其分布、表面状况、杂质水平、第二相/掺杂剂、应力、其应用持续时间和温度对样品的影响。文献报道纳米结构导致增强的声子边界散射，从而降低热导率。它们的分布、孔隙及其分布、其他缺陷/缺陷及其分布、表面状况、杂质水平、第二相/掺杂剂、应力、其应用持续时间和温度对样品的影响。文献报道纳米结构导致增强的声子边界散射，从而降低热导率。它们的分布、孔隙及其分布、其他缺陷/缺陷及其分布、表面状况、杂质水平、第二相/掺杂剂、应力、其应用持续时间和温度对样品的影响。文献报道纳米结构导致增强的声子边界散射，从而降低热导率。