Ethics and ethical behaviour are the fundamental pillars of a civilised society. The focus on ethical behaviour is indispensable in certain fields such as medicine, finance, or law. In fact, ethics gets precedence with anything that would include, affect, transform, or influence upon individuals, communities or any living creatures. Many institutions within Europe have set up their own committees to focus on or approve activities that have ethical impact. In contrast, lesser-developed countries (worldwide) are trying to set up these committees to govern their academia and research. As the first European consortium established to assist academic integrity, European Network for Academic Integrity (ENAI), we felt the importance of guiding those institutions and communities that are trying to conduct research with ethical principles. We have established an ethical advisory working group within ENAI with the aim to promote ethics within curriculum, research and institutional policies. We are constantly researching available data on this subject and committed to help the academia to convey and conduct ethical behaviour. Upon preliminary review and discussion, the group found a disparity in understanding, practice and teaching approaches to ethical applications of research projects among peers. Therefore, this short paper preliminarily aims to critically review the available information on ethics, the history behind establishing ethical principles and its international guidelines to govern research. The paper is based on the workshop conducted in the 5th International conference Plagiarism across Europe and Beyond, in Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania in 2019. During the workshop, we have detailed a) basic needs of an ethical committee within an institution; b) a typical ethical approval process (with examples from three different universities); and c) the ways to obtain informed consent with some examples. These are summarised in this paper with some example comparisons of ethical approval processes from different universities. We believe this paper will provide guidelines on preparing and training both researchers and research students in appropriately upholding ethical practices through ethical approval processes.

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协助您在研究伦理方面取得进步：伦理治理和应用程序介绍

道德和道德行为是文明社会的基本支柱。在某些领域，例如医学、金融或法律，对道德行为的关注是必不可少的。事实上，伦理优先于包括、影响、改造或影响个人、社区或任何生物的任何事物。欧洲的许多机构都成立了自己的委员会，以关注或批准具有道德影响的活动。相比之下，欠发达国家（全世界）正试图建立这些委员会来管理他们的学术和研究。作为第一个为协助学术诚信而建立的欧洲联盟，即欧洲学术诚信网络 (ENAI)，我们感到指导那些试图以道德原则进行研究的机构和社区的重要性。我们在 ENAI 内建立了一个道德咨询工作组，旨在促进课程、研究和机构政策中的道德。我们不断研究有关该主题的可用数据，并致力于帮助学术界传达和开展道德行为。经过初步审查和讨论，该小组发现同行之间在对研究项目伦理应用的理解、实践和教学方法方面存在差异。因此，这篇短文的初步目的是批判性地审查有关伦理的可用信息、建立伦理原则背后的历史及其管理研究的国际指导方针。该论文基于 2019 年在立陶宛 Mykolas Romeris 大学举行的第 5 届欧洲及其他地区剽窃国际会议上举办的研讨会。在研讨会期间，我们详细介绍了 a) 机构内伦理委员会的基本需求；b) 典型的伦理审批流程（以三所不同大学为例）；c) 通过一些例子获得知情同意的方法。本文对这些内容进行了总结，并对不同大学的道德审批流程进行了一些示例比较。我们相信本文将为研究人员和研究生提供指导，帮助他们通过道德批准程序适当地维护道德实践。本文对这些内容进行了总结，并对不同大学的道德审批流程进行了一些示例比较。我们相信本文将为研究人员和研究生提供指导，帮助他们通过道德批准程序适当地维护道德实践。本文对这些内容进行了总结，并对不同大学的道德审批流程进行了一些示例比较。我们相信本文将为研究人员和研究生提供指导，帮助他们通过道德批准程序适当地维护道德实践。