Additive manufacturing (AM) of metal materials has attracted widespread attention and is shifting the conventional manufacturing landscape toward free-form processes. With increasing concerns about global sustainability, eco-consideration is highly encouraged to be integrated into AM processes. This review provides a comprehensive and timely discussion on the life cycle of metal parts fabricated through AM. The energy consumption required for raw metal material extraction and subsequent AM processes is analyzed. The eco-design and energy efficiency of metal AM are evaluated to reveal the role of manufacturing methods, machine subsystems, and post-processing modes in the eco-integration. AM-induced supply chain management, utilization, and recycling of the printed metal structure are also analyzed. Finally, a comprehensive life cycle assessment regarding the environmental, social, and economic impacts of metal AM is also addressed. Future directions of AM are also briefly discussed to provide insight and vision on the emerging field of additive eco-manufacturing.

金属材料的增材制造 (AM) 已引起广泛关注，并且正在将传统制造格局转向自由形式工艺。随着对全球可持续性的日益关注，高度鼓励将生态考虑纳入 AM 流程。本综述对通过 AM 制造的金属零件的生命周期进行了全面而及时的讨论。分析了原材料提取和后续增材制造工艺所需的能源消耗。评估金属增材制造的生态设计和能源效率，以揭示制造方法、机器子系统和后处理模式在生态集成中的作用。还分析了增材制造引起的供应链管理、利用和印刷金属结构的回收。最后，还讨论了关于金属增材制造的环境、社会和经济影响的综合生命周期评估。还简要讨论了增材制造的未来方向，以提供对增材生态制造新兴领域的见解和愿景。