Stenotrophomonas maltophilia   is a typical example of an environmental originated opportunistic human pathogen, which can thrive at different habitats including the human body and can cause a wide range of infections. It must cope with heat stress during transition from the environment to the human body as the physiological temperature of the human body (37 °C) is higher than environmental niches (22–30 °C). Interestingly,   S. rhizophila   a phylogenetic neighbour of   S. maltophilia   within genus   Stenotrophomonas   is unable to grow at 37 °C. Thus, it is crucial to understand how   S. maltophilia   is adapted to human body temperature, which could suggest its evolution as an opportunistic human pathogen. In this study, we have performed comparative transcriptome analysis of   S. maltophilia   grown at 28 and 37 °C as temperature representative for environmental niches and the human body, respectively. RNA-Seq analysis revealed several interesting findings showing alterations in gene-expression levels at 28 and 37 °C, which can play an important role during infection. We have observed downregulation of genes involved in cellular motility, energy production and metabolism, replication and repair whereas upregulation of VirB/D4 type IV secretion system, aerotaxis, cation diffusion facilitator family transporter and LacI family transcriptional regulators at 37 °C. Microscopy and plate assays corroborated altered expression of genes involved in motility. The results obtained enhance our understanding of the strategies employed by   S. maltophilia   during adaptation towards the human body.

中文翻译：

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嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌响应人体温度生长的全球转录组分析

  嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌  是环境起源的机会性人类病原体的典型例子，它可以在包括人体在内的不同栖息地繁衍生息，并引起广泛的感染。由于人体的生理温度（37°C）高于环境生态位（22-30°C），因此它必须应对从环境到人体的过渡过程中的热应激。有趣的是， S.  rhizophila 是 S. maltophilia  在 37°C 下无法在 37 °C 下生长。因此，了解 S. maltophilia 如何        适应人体温度，这可能表明其进化为机会性人类病原体。在这项研究中，我们对 S. maltophilia 进行了比较转录组分析  在 28 和 37 °C 下生长，分别代表环境生态位和人体的温度。RNA-Seq 分析揭示了几个有趣的发现，显示 28 和 37 °C 时基因表达水平发生变化，这在感染过程中可能发挥重要作用。我们观察到参与细胞运动、能量产生和代谢、复制和修复的基因下调，而在 37°C 时 VirB/D4 IV 型分泌系统、趋氧性、阳离子扩散促进剂家族转运蛋白和 LacI 家族转录调节剂上调。显微镜和平板分析证实了与运动有关的基因的表达改变。获得的结果增强了我们对 S. maltophilia 在适应人体过程中采用的策略的理解。