Background If recent studies suggested that arterial ischemic events in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are more frequent than in the general population without VTE, whether patients with VTE have different risk factors of arterial events than classic known cardiovascular risk factors remain undefined. Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to identify risk factors of arterial ischemic events in patients with VTE.

Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to identify cohort studies published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020, reporting risk factors of arterials ischemic events in patients with VTE. Random-effect models meta-analysis served to get the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each risk factor identified.

Results We screened 1,467 records of which 18 were finally included in systematic review and 10 in meta-analyses. Adjusted HR for 9 factors were included in meta-analysis. Male gender (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.28–1.49), diabetes (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.28–2.12), hypertension (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04–1.84), previous atherothrombotic event (HR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.12–9.23), chronic kidney disease (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05–1.88), cancer (HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.41–2.09), and unprovoked VTE (HR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.37–2.57) were the identified risk factors of arterial events in VTE population after meta-analysis.

Conclusion Risk factors of arterial events in patients with VTE include usual cardiovascular risk factors and other risk factors that are related to VTE such as cancer and unprovoked VTE.

背景 如果最近的研究表明，静脉血栓栓塞 (VTE) 患者的动脉缺血事件比没有 VTE 的普通人群更常见，那么 VTE 患者的动脉事件危险因素是否与已知的经典心血管危险因素不同仍未确定。通过这项系统回顾和荟萃分析，我们旨在确定 VTE 患者动脉缺血事件的危险因素。

方法 我们检索了 PubMed、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 数据库，以确定 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日期间发表的队列研究，这些研究报告了 VTE 患者动脉缺血事件的危险因素。随机效应模型荟萃分析用于获得确定的每个风险因素的汇总风险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。

结果 我们筛选了 1,467 条记录，其中 18 条最终纳入系统评价，10 条纳入荟萃分析。9 个因素的调整后 HR 被纳入荟萃分析。男性（HR：1.38；95% CI：1.28–1.49）、糖尿病（HR：1.65；95% CI：1.28–2.12）、高血压（HR：1.38；95% CI：1.04–1.84）、既往动脉血栓形成事件（ HR：3.22；95% CI：1.12-9.23）、慢性肾病（HR：1.41；95% CI：1.05-1.88）、癌症（HR：1.72；95% CI：1.41-2.09）和无端 VTE（HR : 1.88; 95% CI: 1.37–2.57) 是荟萃分析后确定的 VTE 人群动脉事件的危险因素。

结论 VTE患者动脉事件的危险因素包括常见的心血管危险因素和其他与VTE相关的危险因素，如癌症和无端VTE。