ABSTRACT

Charging services play an important role in encouraging the growth of the electric freight vehicle (EFV) market. Understanding charging strategies and their influence on charging behavior is crucial in the deployment of charging services. Unfortunately, existing charging strategy definitions and types are incoherent and incomplete. This conceptual paper synthesizes the perspectives found in literature on the charging strategy concept, and provides a definition based on Orlikowski’s structurational model of technology. A two-level charging strategy typology is proposed. The first distinguishes between decision-making modes: schedule- or trigger-based decisions. The second identifies when and where charging is used during a vehicle operating cycle. The result is three schedule-based charging strategies: downtime, opportunity, and intrusive charging, and one trigger-based emergency charging. The selection of strategy depends on the EFV operations, the availability of charging systems and services, as well as the driver behaviour. The influence of the strategy on enhancing the EFV, the carrier operations and business model is discussed. Charging behaviour, especially in location and timing, is shown to be strongly dependent on the strategy. While downtime charging is considered the default strategy, carriers should employ a variety of complementary strategies to enhance the capability of their vehicles and improve the financial viability of the operations. Carriers should also have an emergency charging strategy on hand in case of unforeseen situations.

摘要

充电服务在鼓励电动货运车辆 (EFV) 市场增长方面发挥着重要作用。了解充电策略及其对充电行为的影响对于部署充电服务至关重要。不幸的是，现有的充电策略定义和类型不连贯且不完整。这篇概念性论文综合了文献中关于充电策略概念的观点，并提供了基于 Orlikowski 的技术结构模型的定义。提出了一种两级计费策略类型。第一个区分决策模式：基于时间表或触发器的决策。第二个标识在车辆运行周期中何时何地使用充电。结果是三种基于计划的计费策略：停机、机会和侵入式计费，和一个基于触发的紧急充电。策略的选择取决于 EFV 的运营、充电系统和服务的可用性以及驾驶员的行为。讨论了该策略对增强 EFV、运营商运营和商业模式的影响。充电行为，特别是在位置和时间方面，被证明强烈依赖于策略。虽然停机收费被认为是默认策略，但运营商应采用各种互补策略来增强其车辆的能力并提高运营的财务可行性。运营商还应准备好应急充电策略，以防出现意外情况。充电系统和服务的可用性以及驾驶员的行为。讨论了该策略对增强 EFV、运营商运营和商业模式的影响。充电行为，特别是在位置和时间方面，被证明强烈依赖于策略。虽然停机收费被认为是默认策略，但运营商应采用各种互补策略来增强其车辆的能力并提高运营的财务可行性。运营商还应准备好应急充电策略，以防出现意外情况。充电系统和服务的可用性以及驾驶员的行为。讨论了该策略对增强 EFV、运营商运营和商业模式的影响。充电行为，特别是在位置和时间方面，被证明强烈依赖于策略。虽然停机收费被认为是默认策略，但运营商应采用各种互补策略来增强其车辆的能力并提高运营的财务可行性。运营商还应准备好应急充电策略，以防出现意外情况。显示强烈依赖于策略。虽然停机收费被认为是默认策略，但运营商应采用各种互补策略来增强其车辆的能力并提高运营的财务可行性。运营商还应准备好应急充电策略，以防出现意外情况。显示强烈依赖于策略。虽然停机收费被认为是默认策略，但运营商应采用各种互补策略来增强其车辆的能力并提高运营的财务可行性。运营商还应准备好应急充电策略，以防出现意外情况。