Avalanche is a natural disaster in the snow-covered mountainous area in winter, which may cause great disasters to human life and property. It is also a danger for skiers and climbers. This paper presents a new physically based algorithm to simulate the dynamic avalanches under position-based dynamics framework. To realistically simulate avalanches’ dynamic characteristics, we introduce the Bingham plastic model from geodynamics to model snow flow motion in avalanches. The interaction between snow flow in the avalanche and the surrounding objects is simulated by a level set-based two-way fluid–solid coupling model. We also propose static and kinetic friction mixed model to determine the accumulated transition of the avalanche. To create an avalanche scene with more realistic details, we employ an aerodynamics-based snow drag force model to generate snow fog effect. Finally, by choosing different criterion shear rate and friction parameters, different kinds of wet and dry avalanche scenes are realistically rendered. Compared with the real photographs of avalanches, our simulated results are quite satisfactory.

雪崩是冬季积雪山区发生的自然灾害，可能对人类生命财产造成重大灾害。这对滑雪者和登山者来说也是一种危险。本文提出了一种新的基于物理的算法来模拟基于位置的动力学框架下的动态雪崩。为了真实地模拟雪崩的动态特性，我们引入了地球动力学中的 Bingham 塑性模型来模拟雪崩中的雪流运动。雪崩中的雪流与周围物体的相互作用采用基于水平集的双向流固耦合模型进行模拟。我们还提出了静动摩擦混合模型来确定雪崩的累积转变。要创建具有更逼真细节的雪崩场景，我们采用基于空气动力学的雪阻力模型来生成雪雾效果。最后，通过选择不同的标准剪切速率和摩擦参数，逼真地渲染出不同种类的干湿雪崩场景。与雪崩的真实照片相比，我们的模拟结果相当令人满意。