Circadian rhythms regulate a remarkable variety of physiologic functions in living organisms. Circadian disruption is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression through effects on cancer cell biological properties, including proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, and stemness. Emerging evidence indicates that circadian clocks also play an influential role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review outlines recent discoveries on how cancer cell clock components (including circadian clock and clock genes/proteins) regulate TME biology and, reciprocally, how TME clock components affect tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic response. An improved understanding of how clock components regulate the symbiosis between cancer cells and the TME will inform the development of novel clock-oriented therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy.

昼夜节律调节生物体中多种显着的生理功能。昼夜节律破坏通过影响癌细胞的生物学特性（包括增殖、DNA 修复、细胞凋亡、代谢和干性）与肿瘤发生和肿瘤进展相关。新的证据表明，生物钟在肿瘤微环境（TME）中也发挥着重要作用。这篇综述概述了癌细胞时钟成分（包括生物钟和时钟基因/蛋白质）如何调节 TME 生物学，以及 TME 时钟成分如何影响肿瘤生长、转移和治疗反应的最新发现。更好地了解时钟成分如何调节癌细胞和 TME 之间的共生关系将为开发新的以时钟为导向的治疗策略（包括免疫疗法）提供信息。