Abstract

Soil studies were conducted in Southern Cisbaikalia. It has been established that climate and topography significantly affect the soil cover diversity and spatial distribution at the macro- and mesolevel. The complex geological structure, uneven age, and variety of bedrocks, as well as the composition and weathering degree of soil parent rocks, determine the distinct features of soils in the study area. As an example, the development of residual-calcareous brown forest soils is confined to outcrops of highly carbonaceous Cambrian rocks. At the microlevel, the soil cover structure is determined by the paleocryogenic Late Pleistocene microrelief. Its hummocky–pitted forms contribute to the differentiation of soil formation processes, thus, increasing the soil cover sophistication. Contrasting soil microcombinations are represented by complexes of automorphic autonomous soils on hummocky polygons and semihydromorphic heteronomous soils in cryogenic wedge-shaped structures (depressions). On hummocky polygons, the soil profile is formed in undisturbed ground masses, which is consistent with the postlithogenic soil formation type; while removals of the soil materials that occur on a regular basis indicate the denudation pedogenesis model. In depressions, the soil profile is formed in redeposited soil materials, while the presence of one or several buried humus horizons is consistent with the synlithogenic soil formation type and the accumulative–sedimentary (sedimentation) pedogenesis model. Based on the data collected in the course of this study, landscape and soil maps of Southern Cisbaikalia have been produced by interpolating the soil sampling points in the Quantum-GIS program with the application of landscape indication methods.

中文翻译：

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南西斯贝卡利亚的土壤：多样性和空间分布模式

摘要

土壤研究在南西斯贝卡利亚进行。已经确定，气候和地形在宏观和中观层面显着影响土壤覆盖多样性和空间分布。复杂的地质结构、年龄不均、基岩种类繁多，以及土壤母岩的组成和风化程度，决定了研究区土壤的鲜明特征。例如，残余钙质棕色森林土壤的发育仅限于高碳质寒武系岩石的露头。在微观层面，土壤覆盖结构由古低温晚更新世微地形决定。它的丘状凹坑形式有助于土壤形成过程的分化，从而增加土壤覆盖的复杂性。对比的土壤微组合由丘状多边形上的自形态自治土壤和低温楔形结构（洼地）中的半氢形态异质土壤的复合体表示。在丘状多边形上，土壤剖面形成于未受干扰的地块中，这与成岩后土壤形成类型一致；而定期发生的土壤材料的清除表明剥蚀成土模型。在洼地，土壤剖面形成于重新沉积的土壤材料中，而一个或几个埋藏的腐殖质层的存在与合成岩性土壤形成类型和累积沉积（沉积）成土模型一致。根据本研究过程中收集的数据，