Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious pine disease present worldwide caused by the ascomycetous fungi Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini. Based on multiplex PCR analysis of 11 microsatellite markers screened on 253 D. septosporum isolates obtained from 32 sites across Slovakia, a total of 137 unique multilocus haplotypes (MLHs) were detected. The majority of MLHs (n = 91) were represented by a single isolate, but 13 MLHs were found at two different sites, and in some cases, these were separated by large distances. Four population clusters were identified using a discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). The genetic clusters obtained from the DAPC were mixed throughout the country and were not restricted to particular host species. Although both mating types of D. septosporum were found to be in an almost perfect 1:1 ratio in both the non-clone-corrected and clone-corrected datasets, random mating was rejected in the entire dataset. Random mating was only supported in the Pinus mugo group planted in urban areas and on a smaller spatial scale in two sites (Kálnica and Litava) using the clone-corrected dataset. These findings suggest a mixed mode of reproduction with an important component of sexual reproduction, although the sexual stage of the fungus (teleomorph) has not been physically observed in Slovakia yet. The examination of spatial relationships using spatial principal component analyses and the presence of isolation-by-distance together with relatively high genetic diversity suggests the pathogen has been long established in Slovakia and spread naturally across the landscape. However, the weak population structure and findings of identical clones at widely separated sites strongly suggests some degree of human assisted dispersal.

Dothistroma 针叶枯病 (DNB) 是一种严重的松树病害，由子囊菌Dothistroma septosporum和Dothistroma pini 引起。基于对从斯洛伐克 32 个地点获得的253 个D. septosporum分离株筛选的 11 个微卫星标记进行多重 PCR 分析，总共检测到 137 个独特的多位点单倍型 (MLH)。大多数 MLH ( n = 91) 由单个分离株代表，但在两个不同的位点发现了 13 个 MLH，在某些情况下，它们相距很远。使用主成分的判别分析 (DAPC) 确定了四个人口集群。从 DAPC 获得的遗传簇在全国范围内是混合的，并且不限于特定的宿主物种。尽管在非克隆校正和克隆校正的数据集中发现两种交配类型的D. septosporum几乎是完美的 1:1 比例，但在整个数据集中拒绝了随机交配。仅在Pinus mugo 中支持随机交配使用克隆校正数据集在城市地区和两个地点（Kálnica 和 Litava）的较小空间尺度上种植。尽管尚未在斯洛伐克实际观察到真菌的有性阶段（有性阶段），但这些发现表明混合繁殖模式是有性繁殖的重要组成部分。使用空间主成分分析和距离隔离的存在以及相对较高的遗传多样性对空间关系的检查表明，病原体早已在斯洛伐克建立并在整个景观中自然传播。然而，在广泛分离的地点发现的相同克隆的弱种群结构和发现强烈表明某种程度的人类辅助传播。