The Protected Geographical Indication Fuentesaúco-Chickpea (F-C) is a legume crop that was developed in the south of the province of Zamora (Spain). It has great agronomic, economic, and cultural importance worldwide. Its cultivation is threatened mainly by the fungal diseases Fusarium wilt (causal agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri) and Ascochyta blight (causal agent Ascochyta rabiei). By conducting an in vitro antagonism study, we determined that strains belonging to the species Trichoderma atroviride, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, and T. koningii are the most effective against both pathogens. The mechanisms of action of these strains are as follows: mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition for space and/or nutrients. Subsequently, these four Trichoderma spp. strains were used for an infection test in F-C plants to test their activity against both fungal pathogens by plant root inoculation. We reported that T. atroviride and T. koningii were capable of controlling F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in F-C plants directly, and T. koningii activated the production of salicylic acid as a plant defense response. In the case of A. rabiei foliar infection, plant roots inoculated with T. hazianum and T. koningii species were able to significantly decrease the occurrence of disease through systemic activation of jasmonic acid as a defense response. Regarding the effects of the Trichoderma species on F-C productivity, the species T. hamatum and T. koningii were able to significantly increase (by 50% and 100%, respectively) the formation of grains per plant. Therefore, we propose that T. koningii could be used to control F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and A. rabiei in F-C plants under greenhouse conditions through direct mechanisms as well as the induction of local and systemic defense responses and thereby promoting crop productivity.

受保护的地理标志 Fuentesaúco-Chickpea (FC) 是一种豆科作物，生长在萨莫拉省（西班牙）南部。它在世界范围内具有重要的农艺、经济和文化重要性。其栽培主要受到真菌病枯萎病（病原体尖孢镰刀菌f. sp. ciceri）和子囊枯病（病原体子囊菌）的威胁。通过体外拮抗作用的研究进行的，我们确定属于物种菌株深绿木霉，T. hamatum，哈茨木霉，和T.康氏木霉对两种病原体最有效。这些菌株的作用机制如下：真菌寄生、抗菌和争夺空间和/或营养。随后，这四种木霉属。菌株被用于 FC 植物的感染测试，以通过植物根部接种来测试它们对两种真菌病原体的活性。我们报道了T. atroviride和T. koningii能够控制尖孢镰刀菌f。sp. FC 植物中的ciceri，T. koningii激活水杨酸的产生作为植物防御反应。在A. rabiei叶面感染的情况下，植物根部接种T. hazianum和T. koningii物种能够通过茉莉酸的全身激活作为防御反应来显着减少疾病的发生。关于效应木霉物种上FC生产率，物种T. hamatum和T.康宁木霉能够（由50％和100％分别）至显著增加每株植物的晶粒的形成。因此，我们建议T. koningii可用于控制F. oxysporum f。sp. ciceri和A. rabiei 在温室条件下的 FC 植物中，通过直接机制以及诱导局部和全身防御反应，从而提高作物生产力。