France experiences catastrophic floods on a yearly basis, with significant societal impacts. In this study, we use multiple sources (insurance datasets, scientific articles, satellite data, and grey literature) to (1) analyze modern flood disasters in the PACA Region; (2) discuss the efficiency of French public policy instruments; (3) perform a SWOT analysis of French flood risk governance (FRG); and (4) suggest improvements to the FRG framework. Despite persistent government efforts, the impacts of flood events in the region have not lessened over time. Identical losses in the same locations are observed after repeated catastrophic events. Relative exposure to flooding has increased in France, apparently due to intense urbanization of flood-prone land. We suggest that the French FRG could benefit from the following improvements: (1) regular updates of risk prevention plans and tools; (2) the adoption of a build back better logic; (3) taking undeclared damages into account in flood risk models; (4) better communication between the actors at the different steps of each cycle (preparation, control, organization, etc.); (5) better communication between those responsible for risk prevention, emergency management, and disaster recovery; (6) an approach that extends the risk analysis outside the borders of the drainage basin; and (7) increased participation in FRG from local populations.

法国每年都会遭受灾难性洪水，对社会造成重大影响。在本研究中，我们使用多种来源（保险数据集、科学文章、卫星数据和灰色文献）来 (1) 分析 PACA 地区的现代洪水灾害；(2) 讨论法国公共政策工具的效率；（3）对法国洪水风险治理（FRG）进行SWOT分析；(4) 建议改进 FRG 框架。尽管政府做出了不懈的努力，但该地区洪水事件的影响并未随着时间的推移而减轻。在重复发生灾难性事件后，在相同位置观察到相同的损失。在法国，洪水的相对风险有所增加，这显然是由于易受洪水侵袭的土地的高度城市化。我们建议法国 FRG 可以从以下改进中受益：（一）定期更新风险防范计划和工具；(2) 采用一种构建回更好的逻辑；(3) 在洪水风险模型中考虑未申报的损失；(4) 在每个周期的不同步骤（准备、控制、组织等），参与者之间更好的沟通；(5) 加强风险预防、应急管理和灾难恢复负责人之间的沟通；(6) 将风险分析扩展到流域边界之外的方法；(7) 增加当地人口对 FRG 的参与。(5) 加强风险预防、应急管理和灾难恢复负责人之间的沟通；(6) 将风险分析扩展到流域边界之外的方法；(7) 增加当地人口对 FRG 的参与。(5) 加强风险预防、应急管理和灾难恢复负责人之间的沟通；(6) 将风险分析扩展到流域边界之外的方法；(7) 增加当地人口对 FRG 的参与。