Although the safety of prospective Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships will largely depend on their ability to detect potential hazards and react to them, the contemporary scientific literature lacks the analysis of how to achieve this. This could be achieved through an application of leading safety indicators. The aim of the performed study was to identify the research directions of leading safety indicators in three safety-critical operational aspects of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: collision avoidance, intact stability, and communication. To achieve this, literature review is performed, taking into account scientific documents including journal and conference papers. The results indicate that the need for establishing operational leading safety indicators is recognized by numerous scholars, who sometimes make suggestions of what the set of indicators shall consist of. Some leading safety indicators for autonomous vessels are readily identifiable in the scientific literature and used in current practice. However, the research effort is lacking a holistic approach to the issue.

尽管未来海上自主水面舰艇的安全在很大程度上取决于它们检测潜在危险并对其做出反应的能力，但当代科学文献缺乏对如何实现这一目标的分析。这可以通过应用领先的安全指标来实现。所进行研究的目的是确定海上自主水面船舶三个安全关键操作方面的领先安全指标的研究方向：避碰、完整稳性和通信。为了实现这一点，进行了文献审查，同时考虑了包括期刊和会议论文在内的科学文件。结果表明，建立运行领先安全指标的必要性得到了众多学者的认可，谁有时会建议指标集应包含哪些内容。自主船舶的一些领先安全指标在科学文献中很容易识别并在当前实践中使用。然而，研究工作缺乏针对该问题的整体方法。