The present study examined the moderating effects of parental meta-emotion philosophy on the relation between family stress and youth internalizing symptoms. A two-study approach was applied to explore these relations in socioeconomically diverse samples with respect to a self-reported parental emotion coaching (EC) and parental emotion dismissing (ED) meta-emotion philosophy in Study 1 (N = 153; youth ages 10–17 years; 52% female; 49% White, 26% multiracial, 17% African American, 6% Asian American, 1% Latinx, and 1% American Indian) and observed parental EC and ED behaviors in whole-family interactions in Study 2 (N = 82; youth ages 8–11.75 years; 52% female; 57% White, 22% African American, 19% multiracial, and 2% Asian). Across both studies, EC was a buffer such that positive associations between family stress and youth internalizing symptoms were only present when parental EC philosophy or EC behaviors were lower. Additionally, in Study 1, more EC was protective: the relation between family stress and youth internalizing symptoms was negative when parental EC philosophy was higher. Findings suggest parental EC buffers youth internalizing symptoms from the detrimental effects of family stress. Therefore, the inclusion of family-level risk processes and the effects of both parental beliefs and observed parenting behaviors can inform research on youth psychosocial adjustment.

中文翻译：

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父母情绪辅导缓和家庭压力对儿童中期和青春期内化症状的影响

本研究检验了父母元情感哲学对家庭压力与青少年内化症状之间关系的调节作用。在研究 1（N  = 153；青少年 10 –17 岁；52% 女性；49% 白人、26% 多种族、17% 非裔美国人、6% 亚裔美国人、1% 拉丁裔和 1% 美洲印第安人）并在研究中观察到父母 EC 和 ED 在全家互动中的行为2（N = 82; 8-11.75岁的青年；52% 女性；57% 白人、22% 非裔美国人、19% 多种族和 2% 亚裔）。在这两项研究中，EC 是一种缓冲，只有当父母的 EC 理念或 EC 行为较低时，家庭压力和青少年内化症状之间才会出现正相关。此外，在研究 1 中，更多的 EC 具有保护作用：当父母的 EC 理念较高时，家庭压力与青少年内化症状之间的关系为负相关。研究结果表明，父母 EC 可以缓冲青少年因家庭压力的不利影响而内化的症状。因此，纳入家庭层面的风险过程以及父母信念和观察到的养育行为的影响可以为青少年心理社会适应的研究提供信息。