The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bio-mordants versus metal mordants in terms of colour measurement, colour fastness, and antibacterial properties of a natural dye extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the cotton fabric. Accordingly, some bio-mordants including tannic acid, pine cone, lemon peel, and sodium alginate, as well as some metal mordants such as iron(II) sulphate, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, and aluminium potassium sulphate were investigated based on three conventional mordanting procedures (pre-, meta- and after-mordanting). The method appropriate for H. sabdariffa dyeing on the cotton fabric, according to the colour fastness factor, was found to be the after-mordanting method. The bio-mordants used in this study, the same as metal salts, increased the colour fastness on the dyed cotton fabrics and produced excellent light fastness (rating of 5 to 6), wash fastness (rating of 4 to 5), and dry/wet rub fastness (rating of 4 to 5). The higher antibacterial activities (> 90% bacterial reduction) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed when tannic acid, pine cone, and lemon peel were applied to the dyed cotton fabric. The use of bio-mordants in the natural dyeing of the cotton fabric could be, therefore, recommended due to the biocompatibility and non-toxicity of natural mordants, along with excellent colour fastness and appropriate antibacterial properties.

中文翻译：

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金属媒染剂与生物媒染剂对天然染料对棉织物比色及抗菌性能影响的比较

本研究的主要目的是评估生物媒染剂与金属媒染剂在天然染料提取物 ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) 对棉织物的颜色测量、色牢度和抗菌性能方面的影响。相应地，基于三种常规方法研究了一些生物媒染剂，包括单宁酸、松果、柠檬皮和海藻酸钠，以及一些金属媒染剂，如硫酸铁（II）、硫酸铜、硫酸锌和硫酸铝钾。媒染程序（媒染前、中间和后媒染）。适用于H. sabdariffa的方法根据色牢度系数，在棉织物上染色被认为是后媒染法。本研究中使用的生物媒染剂与金属盐一样，提高了染色棉织物的色牢度，并产生了优异的耐光牢度（5 至 6 级）、水洗牢度（4 至 5 级）和干/湿摩擦牢度（等级为 4 至 5）。对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿 假单胞菌具有更高的抗菌活性（> 90% 的细菌减少）当单宁酸、松果和柠檬皮应用于染色的棉织物时，观察到了。因此，由于天然媒染剂的生物相容性和无毒，以及优异的色牢度和适当的抗菌性能，可以推荐在棉织物的天然染色中使用生物媒染剂。