Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been proposed for applications in high-density storage, quantum simulation, quantum computing and spintronics applications. Bulk magnetometric and spectroscopic techniques of molecular systems have allowed the observation of remarkable quantum effects in SMMs, such as the observation of an energy barrier, the reversal of the magnetization and quantum tunnelling of the magnetization. Over the past 10 years, scanning tunnelling microscopy of SMMs and single-molecule devices architectures, such as spin valves and spin transistors, have shed light onto the quantum properties of SMMs at the single-molecule level. More recently, new techniques, where the spin degrees of freedom in SMMs can be read out by photons, are being studied. Here, we review key techniques allowing the observation of quantum effects, important for the initialization, control and readout of the states of the SMMs, ultimately leading to the implementation of SMMs in technological applications.

单分子磁体 (SMM) 已被提议用于高密度存储、量子模拟、量子计算和自旋电子学应用。分子系统的体磁测量和光谱技术允许在 SMM 中观察显着的量子效应，例如观察能量势垒、磁化的反转和磁化的量子隧道效应。在过去的 10 年中，SMM 和单分子器件架构（如自旋阀和自旋晶体管）的扫描隧道显微镜在单分子水平上揭示了 SMM 的量子特性。最近，正在研究可以通过光子读取 SMM 中的自旋自由度的新技术。在这里，我们回顾了允许观察量子效应的关键技术，