Background: Food is one of the most frequently promoted commodities, and promoted foods are overwhelmingly unhealthy. Marketing normalizes unhealthy foods, creates a positive brand image, and encourages overconsumption. Limited research is available to describe the extent of food marketing to children on web-based media, and measuring actual exposure is challenging. Objective: This study aims to monitor the extent of children’s exposure to web-based media food marketing as an essential step in increasing the accountability of industry and governments to protect children. Methods: Children aged 13-17 years were recruited from October 2018 to March 2019. Children recorded their mobile device screen for 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day any time they visited relevant web-based platforms. After each day, the participants uploaded the video files to a secure server. Promoted products were defined using the World Health Organization European Region nutrient profile model. Results: The sample of 95 children uploaded 267.8 hours of video data. Children saw a median of 17.4 food promotions each hour on the internet. Considering the usual time spent on the internet on mobile devices, children would be exposed to a median of 168.4 food promotions on the web on mobile devices per week, 99.5 of which would not be permitted to be marketed based on nutrient profiling criteria. Most promotions (2613/4446, 58.77%) were peer endorsed and derived from third-party sources. Conclusions: Exposure to brand content that is seemingly endorsed by peers or web-based communities likely heightens the effects of marketing on children. Regulations to protect children from this marketing must extend beyond paid advertising to paid content in posts generated through web-based communities and influencers. Trial Registration:

This is the abstract only. Read the full article on the JMIR site. JMIR is the leading open access journal for eHealth and healthcare in the Internet age.

中文翻译：

---

澳大利亚儿童接触和参与基于网络的食品和饮料品牌营销：横断面观察性研究

背景：食品是最常促销的商品之一，促销食品绝对不健康。营销使不健康食品正常化，创造积极的品牌形象，并鼓励过度消费。有限的研究可用于描述基于网络的媒体对儿童进行食品营销的程度，并且衡量实际暴露程度具有挑战性。目标：本研究旨在监测儿童接触基于网络的媒体食品营销的程度，作为加强行业和政府保护儿童责任的重要步骤。方法：从 2018 年 10 月至 2019 年 3 月招募了 13-17 岁的儿童。儿童在访问相关网络平台时记录了 2 个工作日和 1 个周末的移动设备屏幕。每天过后，参与者将视频文件上传到安全服务器。促销产品是使用世界卫生组织欧洲区域营养概况模型定义的。结果：95 名儿童的样本上传了 267.8 小时的视频数据。孩子们每小时在互联网上看到的食品促销中位数为 17.4。考虑到通常在移动设备上花费在互联网上的时间，儿童每周在移动设备上的网络食品促销中位数为 168.4，其中 99.5 根据营养分析标准不允许销售。大多数促销活动 (2613/4446, 58.77%) 是同行认可的并来自第三方来源。结论：接触似乎得到同龄人或网络社区认可的品牌内容可能会增强营销对儿童的影响。保护儿童免受这种营销的法规必须从付费广告扩展到通过基于网络的社区和影响者生成的帖子中的付费内容。试用注册：

这只是摘要。阅读 JMIR 网站上的完整文章。JMIR 是互联网时代电子健康和医疗保健领域领先的开放获取期刊。