The number of older obese adults is increasing worldwide. Whether obese adults show similar health benefits in response to lifestyle interventions at different ages is unknown. The study enrolled 25 obese men (BMI 31-39 kg/m2) in two arms according to age (30-40 and 60-70 years old). Participants underwent an 8-week intervention with moderate calorie restriction (~20% below individual energy requirements) and supervised endurance training resulting in ~5% weight loss. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was assessed during a hypersinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Cardiometabolic profile was derived from blood parameters. Subcutaneous fat and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were used for ex vivo analyses. Two-way repeated-measure ANOVA and linear mixed models were used to evaluate the response to lifestyle intervention and comparison between the two groups. Fat mass was decreased and bone mass was preserved in the two groups after intervention. Muscle mass decreased significantly in older obese men. Cardiovascular risk (Framingham risk score, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol) and insulin sensitivity were greatly improved to a similar extent in the two age groups after intervention. Changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle transcriptomes were marginal. Analysis of the differential response to the lifestyle intervention showed tenuous differences between age groups. These data suggest that lifestyle intervention combining calorie restriction and exercise shows similar beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk and insulin sensitivity in younger and older obese men. However, attention must be paid to potential loss of muscle mass in response to weight loss in older obese men.

中文翻译：

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年轻和年长肥胖男性对 8 周生活方式减肥干预的代谢和心血管适应

世界范围内，老年肥胖成年人的数量正在增加。肥胖的成年人在不同年龄的生活方式干预下是否表现出相似的健康益处尚不清楚。该研究根据年龄（30-40 岁和 60-70 岁）在两组中招募了 25 名肥胖男性（BMI 31-39 kg/m2）。参与者接受了为期 8 周的干预，中等热量限制（低于个人能量需求约 20%）和监督耐力训练，导致约 5% 的体重减轻。使用双能 X 射线吸收法测量身体成分。在高胰岛素正常血糖钳夹期间评估胰岛素敏感性。心脏代谢特征来源于血液参数。皮下脂肪和股外侧肌活检用于离体分析。采用双向重复测量方差分析和线性混合模型评估两组对生活方式干预的反应和比较。两组干预后脂肪量均减少，骨量保持不变。老年肥胖男性的肌肉质量显着下降。干预后，两个年龄组的心血管风险（Framingham 风险评分、血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇）和胰岛素敏感性均显着改善至相似程度。脂肪组织和骨骼肌转录组的变化微乎其微。对生活方式干预的不同反应分析显示年龄组之间存在细微差异。这些数据表明，结合热量限制和运动的生活方式干预对年轻和年长肥胖男性的心脏代谢风险和胰岛素敏感性显示出类似的有益影响。然而，必须注意老年肥胖男性因体重减轻而潜在的肌肉质量损失。