Last several decades, a great effort has been devoted to two dimensional (2D) materials on account of their optical properties that have numerous applications in the optoelectronic world in the range of light-emitting diodes, optical sensors, solar energy conversion, photo-electrochemical cells, photovoltaic solar cells, and even in the bio-medical sector. First we have provided an outline of linear optical properties of 2D materials such as graphene, TMDs, h-BN, MXenes, perovskite oxide, and metal-organic framework. Then we discuss the optoelectronic properties of the 2D materials. Along with these, we also highlight the important efforts in developing 2D optical materials with intensive emission property at a broad wavelength from ultraviolet to near-infrared. The origin of this tuneable emission has been discussed decoratively. Thickness and layer-dependent optical properties have been highlighted and are explained through surface defects, strain, vacancy, doping, and dangling bonds emerging due to structural change in the material. The linear and nonlinear optical properties in 2D MXene and perovskite oxides are also impressive due to their potential applications for next-generation devices with excellent optical sensitivity. Finally, technological innovations, challenges, and possible tuning of defects and imperfections in the 2D lattice are discussed.

中文翻译：

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提高二维材料的光学性能和新兴应用

在过去的几十年里，由于二维 (2D) 材料的光学特性，它们在发光二极管、光学传感器、太阳能转换、光电化学等光电领域具有广泛的应用。电池、光伏太阳能电池，甚至在生物医学领域。首先，我们概述了二维材料的线性光学特性，例如石墨烯、TMD、h-BN、MXene、钙钛矿氧化物和金属有机框架。然后我们讨论二维材料的光电特性。除此之外，我们还强调了在从紫外到近红外的宽波长下开发具有强发射特性的二维光学材料的重要努力。已经装饰性地讨论了这种可调发射的起源。厚度和与层相关的光学特性已得到强调，并通过由于材料结构变化而出现的表面缺陷、应变、空位、掺杂和悬空键来解释。2D MXene 和钙钛矿氧化物的线性和非线性光学特性也令人印象深刻，因为它们在具有出色光学灵敏度的下一代设备中具有潜在应用。最后，讨论了技术创新、挑战以及可能对 2D 晶格中的缺陷和缺陷进行调整。2D MXene 和钙钛矿氧化物的线性和非线性光学特性也令人印象深刻，因为它们在具有出色光学灵敏度的下一代设备中具有潜在应用。最后，讨论了技术创新、挑战以及可能对 2D 晶格中的缺陷和缺陷进行调整。2D MXene 和钙钛矿氧化物的线性和非线性光学特性也令人印象深刻，因为它们在具有出色光学灵敏度的下一代设备中具有潜在应用。最后，讨论了技术创新、挑战以及可能对 2D 晶格中的缺陷和缺陷进行调整。