Rice consumption is a major dietary source of Cd and poses a potential threat to human health. The aims of this study were to examine the influence of Fe and Cd application on yield and its yield components, dynamics of Cd in pore water, translocation factors, daily dietary intake and estimation of human health risks. A pot experiment was performed under glasshouse conditions where rice cultivars (Langi and Quest) were cultivated in two dissimilar soils under different levels of Cd (0, 1.0 and 3.0 mg kg-1) and Fe (0, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg-1). The results showed that variation in two rice cultivars in terms of yield and yield related components were dose dependent. Cadmium concentration in soil pore water was decreased over time and increased with increasing Cd levels but decreased with Fe application. Translocation factors (TFs) from root to straw (TFroot-straw) or straw to husk (TFstraw-husk) was higher than root to grain (TFroot-grain) or straw to grain (TFstraw-grain). Quest cultivar had 20% lower Cd than Langi cultivar. Application of Fe at the rate of 1 and 2 g kg-1 soil reduced Cd by 23% and 46% respectively. Average daily intake (ADI) of Cd exceeded permissible limit (5.8×10-3 mg -1kg-1 bw per week) when rice plant subjected 1 and 3 mg kg-1 Cd stress with or without Fe application. Results also indicated that ADI value was lower in Quest genotype as compared to Langi rice cultivar. Estimation of human health risk revealed that the non-carcinogenic risks (HQ>1) and carcinogenic risks (CR>1.0×10-4) were increased with increasing Cd levels in soil. The application of Fe decreased the human health risks from rice consumption which is more pronounced in Fe 2.0 than in Fe1.0 treatments. The rice cultivar grown in Soil-1 (pH 4.6) showed the highest health risks as compared to Soil-2 (pH 6.6) and the Quest cultivar had lower health risks than Langi cultivar.

中文翻译：

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铁和镉对水稻产量和产量成分及籽粒易位的响应：健康风险评估

大米消费是镉的主要膳食来源，对人类健康构成潜在威胁。本研究的目的是检查铁和镉的施用对产量及其产量构成、孔隙水中镉的动态、易位因素、每日膳食摄入量和人类健康风险评估的影响。在温室条件下进行盆栽试验，在两种不同的土壤中种植水稻品种（Langi 和 Quest），其中 Cd（0、1.0 和 3.0 mg kg-1）和 Fe（0、1.0 和 2.0 g kg-1）含量不同）。结果表明，两个水稻品种在产量和产量相关成分方面的变异是剂量依赖性的。土壤孔隙水中的镉浓度随着时间的推移而降低，随着镉含量的增加而增加，但随着铁的施用而减少。从根到稻草（TFroot-straw）或从稻草到稻壳（TFstraw-husk）的易位因子（TFs）高于根到谷粒（TFroot-grain）或秸秆到谷粒（TFstraw-grain）。Quest 品种的 Cd 比 Langi 品种低 20%。以 1 g kg-1 和 2 g kg-1 的比例施用 Fe 分别使 Cd 减少了 23% 和 46%。当水稻在施用或不施用铁的情况下分别受到 1 和 3 mg kg-1 Cd 胁迫时，Cd 的平均每日摄入量 (ADI) 超过了允许限度（5.8×10-3 mg -1kg-1 bw 每周）。结果还表明，与 Langi 水稻品种相比，Quest 基因型的 ADI 值较低。人类健康风险评估表明，土壤中Cd含量的增加会增加非致癌风险（HQ>1）和致癌风险（CR>1.0×10-4）。Fe 的应用降低了大米消费对人类健康的风险，Fe 2.0 处理比 Fe1.0 处理更显着。与土壤 2 (pH 6.6) 相比，在土壤 1 (pH 4.6) 中生长的水稻品种显示出最高的健康风险，而 Quest 品种的健康风险低于 Langi 品种。