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Falling through the Cracks: Digital Infrastructures of Social Protection in Ecuador
Development and Change ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-12 , DOI: 10.1111/dech.12664
María Gabriela Palacio Ludeña 1
Affiliation  

While cash transfers gain prominence as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a strong impulse to regard them as a stepping-stone towards the formalization of employment and universalization of social protection. This contribution problematizes how populations in informality are included in narrowly targeted social assistance interventions, which are heavily reliant on targeted schemes and fail to make informality legible to programme administrators. The focus of the article lies in the politics of exclusion and inclusion that permeate digital infrastructures, particularly data infrastructures such as social registries, that are used to target Ecuador's most prominent social assistance programme, Bono de Desarrollo Humano, and the COVID-related programme Bono de Protección Familiar. The article is based on ethnographic work, interviews and narrative analysis. It finds that social registries compiled for proxy means testing weaken the link between eligibility and informal employment and obscure the processes that perpetuate precarity. More recent data innovations, such as machine learning, are also insufficient to locate vulnerable workers as they learn from historical social registries data and replicate their biases, for example by overlooking non-poor areas where informal employment also occurs. Data infrastructures have shifted attention to the technicalities of the selection of beneficiaries and away from power imbalances in the design of social assistance, despite their selectivity and politics.

中文翻译:

陷入困境:厄瓜多尔社会保护的数字基础设施

尽管现金转移作为对 COVID-19 大流行的反应而受到重视,但人们强烈希望将其视为实现就业正规化和社会保护普遍化的垫脚石。这一贡献使非正规人群如何被纳入针对性强的社会援助干预措施存在问题,这些干预严重依赖有针对性的计划,并且无法使计划管理人员清楚地了解非正规性。这篇文章的重点在于渗透到数字基础设施中的排斥和包容政治,尤其是社会登记等数据基础设施,这些基础设施被用于针对厄瓜多尔最著名的社会援助计划 Bono de Desarrollo Humano 和与 COVID 相关的计划 Bono de Protección 熟悉。这篇文章是基于民族志工作,访谈和叙事分析。它发现,为代理经济状况调查编制的社会登记削弱了资格与非正规就业之间的联系,并掩盖了使不稳定状态长期存在的过程。最近的数据创新,例如机器学习,也不足以定位弱势工人,因为他们从历史社会登记数据中学习并复制了他们的偏见,例如忽略了也发生非正规就业的非贫困地区。尽管数据基础设施具有选择性和政治性,但数据基础设施已将注意力转移到选择受益人的技术问题上,并摆脱了社会援助设计中的权力失衡。它发现,为代理经济状况调查编制的社会登记削弱了资格与非正规就业之间的联系,并掩盖了使不稳定状态长期存在的过程。最近的数据创新,例如机器学习,也不足以定位弱势工人,因为他们从历史社会登记数据中学习并复制了他们的偏见,例如忽略了也发生非正规就业的非贫困地区。尽管数据基础设施具有选择性和政治性,但数据基础设施已将注意力转移到选择受益人的技术问题上,并摆脱了社会援助设计中的权力失衡。它发现,为代理经济状况调查编制的社会登记削弱了资格与非正规就业之间的联系,并掩盖了使不稳定状态长期存在的过程。最近的数据创新,例如机器学习,也不足以定位弱势工人,因为他们从历史社会登记数据中学习并复制了他们的偏见,例如忽略了也发生非正规就业的非贫困地区。尽管数据基础设施具有选择性和政治性,但数据基础设施已将注意力转移到选择受益人的技术问题上,并摆脱了社会援助设计中的权力失衡。也不足以定位弱势工人,因为他们从历史社会登记数据中学习并复制他们的偏见,例如通过忽视也发生非正规就业的非贫困地区。尽管数据基础设施具有选择性和政治性,但数据基础设施已将注意力转移到选择受益人的技术问题上,并摆脱了社会援助设计中的权力失衡。也不足以定位弱势工人,因为他们从历史社会登记数据中学习并复制他们的偏见,例如通过忽视也发生非正规就业的非贫困地区。尽管数据基础设施具有选择性和政治性,但数据基础设施已将注意力转移到选择受益人的技术问题上,并摆脱了社会援助设计中的权力失衡。
更新日期:2021-08-17
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