Direct Instruction (DI) teaches challenging academic content to a range of diverse learners. In order to do so, DI includes a complex system for organizing and directing teacher–student interactions to maximize learning. This system includes: instructional formats that specify the interactions between teacher and student, flexible skills-based groupings, active student responding, responsive interactions between students and teachers, ongoing data-based decision making, and mastery teaching. In this article, we describe each of these main features of the system, define their functions, reveal how they are interwoven throughout all DI lessons, and provide specific examples of their application during instruction. Our goal is to describe and clarify critical features of DI lesson presentation and teacher–student interaction so that instructional designers, teachers, and other practitioners can use existing DI programs effectively and include these features in newly developed programs.

直接教学 (DI) 向各种不同的学习者教授具有挑战性的学术内容。为此，DI 包含一个复杂的系统，用于组织和指导师生互动，以最大限度地提高学习效果。该系统包括：指定教师和学生之间互动的教学格式、基于技能的灵活分组、学生的积极响应、学生和教师之间的响应式互动、持续的基于数据的决策以及掌握教学。在本文中，我们描述了系统的每个主要功能，定义了它们的功能，揭示了它们如何在所有 DI 课程中交织在一起，并提供了它们在教学过程中应用的具体示例。我们的目标是描述和澄清 DI 课程演示和师生互动的关键特征，以便教学设计者、教师和其他从业者可以有效地使用现有的 DI 程序并将这些特征包含在新开发的程序中。