The interplay between thermal and quantum fluctuations controls the competition between phases of matter in strongly correlated electron systems. We study finite-temperature properties of the strongly coupled two-dimensional doped Hubbard model using the minimally entangled typical thermal states method on width-four cylinders. We discover that a phase characterized by commensurate short-range antiferromagnetic correlations and no charge ordering occurs at temperatures above the half-filled stripe phase extending to zero temperature. The transition from the antiferromagnetic phase to the stripe phase takes place at temperature $T/t\approx 0.05$ and is accompanied by a steplike feature of the specific heat. We find the single-particle gap to be smallest close to the nodal point at $\mathit{k}=(\pi /2,\pi /2)$ and detect a maximum in the magnetic susceptibility. These features bear a strong resemblance to the pseudogap phase of high-temperature cuprate superconductors. The simulations are verified using a variety of different unbiased numerical methods in the three limiting cases of zero temperature, small lattice sizes, and half filling. Moreover, we compare to and confirm previous determinantal quantum Monte Carlo results on incommensurate spin-density waves at finite doping and temperature.

中文翻译：

---

有限温度下掺杂哈伯德模型中的条纹、反铁磁性和伪间隙

热涨落和量子涨落之间的相互作用控制着强相关电子系统中物质相之间的竞争。我们在宽度为四的圆柱上使用最小纠缠典型热态方法研究强耦合二维掺杂哈伯德模型的有限温度特性。我们发现，在延伸到零温度的半填充条纹相以上的温度下，出现以相称的短程反铁磁相关性和无电荷排序为特征的相。从反铁磁相到条带相的转变发生在温度$吨/吨\approx 0.05$并伴有比热的阶梯状特征。我们发现靠近节点处的单粒子间隙最小$\mathit{克}=(\pi /2,\pi /2)$并检测磁化率的最大值。这些特征与高温铜酸盐超导体的赝隙相非常相似。在零温度、小晶格尺寸和半填充这三个极限情况下，使用各种不同的无偏数值方法来验证模拟。此外，我们比较并确认了先前关于有限掺杂和温度下不公称自旋密度波的行列式量子蒙特卡罗结果。