Intake of fruits and vegetables by pesticide residue status in relation to cancer risk,Environment International

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Intake of fruits and vegetables by pesticide residue status in relation to cancer risk
Environment International ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106744
Helena Sandoval-Insausti ₁ , Yu-Han Chiu ₂ , Dong Hoon Lee ₁ , Siwen Wang ₁ , Jaime E Hart ₃ , Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón ₄ , Francine Laden ₅ , Andres V Ardisson Korat ₆ , Brenda Birmann ₆ , A Heather Eliassen ₂ , Walter C Willett ₇ , Jorge E Chavarro ₇

Affiliation

Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Background

Conventionally grown fruits and vegetables (FVs) are the main source of general population exposure to pesticide residues.

Objective

To evaluate the relation of intake of high- and low-pesticide-residue FVs with cancer risk.

Methods

We followed 150,830 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1998–2016, and Nurses’ Health Study II, 1999–2017) and 29,486 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1998–2016) without a history of cancer. We ascertained FV intake via validated food frequency questionnaires and categorized FVs as having high or low pesticide residue levels based on USDA surveillance data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of total and site-specific cancer related to quintiles of high- and low-pesticide-residue FV intake.

Results

We documented 23,678 incident cancer cases during 2,862,118 person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable analysis, neither high- nor low-pesticide-residue FV intake was associated with cancer. The HRs (95% CI) per 1 serving/day increase in intake were 0.99 (0.97–1.01) for high- and 1.01 (0.99–1.02) for low-pesticide-residue FVs. Additionally, we found no association between high-pesticide-residue FV intake and risk of specific sites, including malignancies previously linked to occupational pesticide exposure ([HR, 95% CI comparing extreme quintiles of intake] lung [1.17 (0.95–1.43)], non-Hodgkin lymphoma [0.89 (0.72–1.09)], prostate [1.31 (0.88–1.93)]) or inversely related to intake of organic foods (breasts [1.03 (0.94–1.31)]).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that overall exposure to pesticides through FV intake is not related to cancer risk, although they do not rule out associations with specific chemicals or sub-types of specific cancers.

中文翻译：

水果和蔬菜摄入量与癌症风险相关的农药残留状况

背景

传统种植的水果和蔬菜（FV）是一般人群接触农药残留的主要来源。

客观的

评估高和低农药残留 FV 的摄入量与癌症风险的关系。

方法

我们追踪了 150,830 名无癌症病史的女性（护士健康研究，1998-2016 年和护士健康研究 II，1999-2017 年）和 29,486 名男性（健康专业人员随访研究，1998-2016 年）。我们通过经过验证的食物频率调查问卷确定了 FV 摄入量，并根据美国农业部监测数据将 FV 分为农药残留水平高或低的类别。我们使用 Cox 比例风险模型来估计与高和低农药残留 FV 摄入量五分位数相关的总癌症和特定部位癌症的风险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。

结果

我们在 2,862,118 人年的随访中记录了 23,678 起癌症病例。在汇总的多变量分析中，高或低农药残留 FV 摄入量均与癌症无关。高农药残留 FV 的摄入量每增加 1 份/天，HR (95% CI) 为 0.99 (0.97–1.01)，低农药残留 FV 的 HR (95% CI) 为 1.01 (0.99–1.02)。此外，我们发现高农药残留 FV 摄入量与特定部位的风险之间没有关联，包括先前与职业农药接触相关的恶性肿瘤（[HR，95% CI 比较摄入量的极端五分位数]肺 [1.17 (0.95–1.43)] 、非霍奇金淋巴瘤 [0.89 (0.72–1.09)]、前列腺 [1.31 (0.88–1.93)]）或与有机食品的摄入量呈负相关（乳房 [1.03 (0.94–1.31)]）。