BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in chondrocyte growth and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). Due to the rapid metabolism, controlled release systems for TGF-β1 have attracted increasing interest recently. OBJECTIVE:In this study, a silk fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffold incorporated with TGF-β1-loaded microspheres (MSs) was created for cartilage reparation. METHOD:The optimal proportion of the SF/CS composite scaffold was determined by evaluating their micromorphology and the proliferation rate of fibroblasts on the surface. Then, SF/CS/TGF-β1-loaded MS scaffolds were prepared by the adsorption method. TGF-β1 release capacity, degradation patterns, cytocompatibility and in vivo implantation were evaluted. RESULTS:The SF/CS/TGF-β1-loaded MS scaffold showed good TGF-β1 release over more than 16 days, which could sequentially stimulate chondrocyte synthetic activity. In vitro cell proliferation experiments showed the SF/CS/TGF-β1-loaded MS scaffold could promote chondrocytes adhesion, growth, proliferation and maintained the cellular morphology. An in vivo study demonstrated that a low inflammatory response was observed in rats and that the materials exhibited good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION:the results indicated that our SF/CS/TGF-β1-loaded MS scaffold constitute a promising therapeutic option for cartilage reparation.

中文翻译：

---

丝素蛋白/壳聚糖/TGF-β1负载微球支架用于软骨修复

背景：转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）在软骨细胞生长和细胞外基质（ECM）的合成中起重要作用。由于快速代谢，TGF-β1 的控释系统最近引起了越来越多的兴趣。目的：在这项研究中，创建了一种丝素蛋白 (SF)/壳聚糖 (CS) 支架，该支架与负载 TGF-β1 的微球 (MS) 相结合，用于软骨修复。方法：通过评估SF/CS复合支架的微观形态和表面成纤维细胞的增殖率，确定其最佳比例。然后，通过吸附法制备负载SF/CS/TGF-β1的MS支架。评估了 TGF-β1 释放能力、降解模式、细胞相容性和体内植入。结果：载有 SF/CS/TGF-β1 的 MS 支架在超过 16 天的时间内显示出良好的 TGF-β1 释放，这可以依次刺激软骨细胞合成活性。体外细胞增殖实验表明，载有SF/CS/TGF-β1的MS支架能够促进软骨细胞的粘附、生长、增殖并维持细胞形态。一项体内研究表明，在大鼠中观察到低炎症反应，并且材料表现出良好的生物相容性。结论：结果表明，我们的 SF/CS/TGF-β1 负载 MS 支架构成了软骨修复的有希望的治疗选择。增殖并保持细胞形态。一项体内研究表明，在大鼠中观察到低炎症反应，并且材料表现出良好的生物相容性。结论：结果表明，我们的 SF/CS/TGF-β1 负载 MS 支架构成了软骨修复的有希望的治疗选择。增殖并保持细胞形态。一项体内研究表明，在大鼠中观察到低炎症反应，并且材料表现出良好的生物相容性。结论：结果表明，我们的 SF/CS/TGF-β1 负载 MS 支架构成了软骨修复的有希望的治疗选择。