Abstract Background/Objective

Substance use is one of the main risks for adolescent health. Many research projects have studied longitudinal patterns of use and risk/protective factors, but the number of studies focused on within-individual stability and change is low. The objective of this study was to discover specific longitudinal profiles of drug use and explore the role of social and emotional competencies, and empathy as possible protective factors against substance use. Method: This was a longitudinal study with 879 students (9-17 years at wave 1, 10-18 at wave 2). Substance use, social and emotional competencies, and empathy were measured with a survey. Results: Nine longitudinal profiles of substance use were found in this sample. Multinomial regression analysis found that low responsible decision making, self-management and affective empathy predicted the profiles of ascending user, chronic user and experiencer, respectively. Experiencer was also predicted by a low level of social awareness. Conclusions: The trend to a higher use over time can increase the odds of addiction in future. Some personal variables were found as protective factors against drug use. Thus, school interventions addressed to promote social and emotional competencies, and empathy seem necessary in order to decrease the adolescent drug use.

中文翻译：

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青春期前和青少年物质使用的纵向研究：个体内模式和保护因素

摘要背景/目标

药物使用是青少年健康的主要风险之一。许多研究项目研究了纵向使用模式和风险/保护因素，但关注个体内稳定性和变化的研究数量很少。本研究的目的是发现药物使用的具体纵向概况，并探讨社交和情感能力以及同理心作为防止药物使用的可能保护因素的作用。方法：这是一项针对 879 名学生的纵向研究（第一波为 9-17 岁，第二波为 10-18 岁）。通过调查测量药物使用、社交和情感能力以及同理心。结果：在该样本中发现了九个纵向的物质使用情况。多项回归分析发现，低责任决策、自我管理和情感同理心分别预测了上升用户、长期用户和体验者的概况。体验者的社会意识水平也较低。结论：随着时间的推移，使用量增加的趋势可能会增加未来成瘾的几率。一些个人变量被发现是防止吸毒的保护因素。因此，为了减少青少年吸毒，学校采取旨在促进社交和情感能力以及同理心的干预措施似乎是必要的。