Connectome analysis of male world-class gymnasts using probabilistic multishell, multitissue constrained spherical deconvolution tracking,Journal of Neuroscience Research

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Connectome analysis of male world-class gymnasts using probabilistic multishell, multitissue constrained spherical deconvolution tracking
Journal of Neuroscience Research ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-10 , DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24912
Hiroyuki Tomita ₁ , Koji Kamagata ₂ , Christina Andica ₂ , Wataru Uchida ₂ , Makoto Fukuo ₁ , Hidefumi Waki ₁ , Hidenori Sugano ₃ , Yuichi Tange ₃ , Takumi Mitsuhashi ₃ , Matthew Lukies ₄ , Akifumi Hagiwara ₂ , Shohei Fujita ₂ , Akihiko Wada ₂ , Toshiaki Akashi ₂ , Syo Murata ₂ , Mutsumi Harada ₁ , Shigeki Aoki ₂ , Hisashi Naito ₁

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In athletes, long-term intensive training has been shown to increase unparalleled athletic ability and might induce brain plasticity. We evaluated the structural connectome of world-class gymnasts (WCGs), as mapped by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging probabilistic tractography and a multishell, multitissue constrained spherical deconvolution method to increase the precision of tractography at the tissue interfaces. The connectome was mapped in 10 Japanese male WCGs and in 10 age-matched male controls. Network-based statistic identified subnetworks with increased connectivity density in WCGs, involving the sensorimotor, default mode, attentional, visual, and limbic areas. It also revealed a significant association between the structural connectivity of some brain structures with functions closely related to the gymnastic skills and the D-score, which is used as an index of the gymnasts' specific physical abilities for each apparatus. Furthermore, graph theory analysis demonstrated the characteristics of brain anatomical topology in the WCGs. They displayed significantly increased global connectivity strength with decreased characteristic path length at the global level and higher nodal strength and degree in the sensorimotor, default mode, attention, and limbic/subcortical areas at the local level as compared with controls. Together, these findings extend the current understanding of neural mechanisms that distinguish WCGs from controls and suggest brain anatomical network plasticity in WCGs resulting from long-term intensive training. Future studies should assess the contribution of genetic or early-life environmental factors in the brain network organization of WCGs. Furthermore, the indices of brain topology (i.e., connection density and graph theory indices) could become markers for the objective evaluation of gymnastic performance.

中文翻译：

使用概率多壳、多组织约束球形反卷积跟踪对世界级男性体操运动员进行连接组分析

在运动员中，长期的高强度训练已被证明可以增加无与伦比的运动能力，并可能诱导大脑可塑性。我们评估了世界级体操运动员 (WCG) 的结构连接组，通过扩散加权磁共振成像概率纤维束成像和多壳、多组织约束的球形反卷积方法进行映射，以提高组织界面的纤维束成像精度。连接组在 10 个日本男性 WCG 和 10 个年龄匹配的男性对照中进行了映射。基于网络的统计确定了 WCG 中连接密度增加的子网络，涉及感觉运动、默认模式、注意力、视觉和边缘区域。它还揭示了一些大脑结构的结构连接与与体操技能密切相关的功能与 D 分数之间的显着关联，D 分数被用作体操运动员每个设备的特定身体能力的指标。此外，图论分析证明了 WCG 中大脑解剖拓扑的特征。与对照组相比，它们显示出显着增加的全局连接强度，全局水平的特征路径长度减少，局部水平的感觉运动、默认模式、注意力和边缘/皮层下区域的节点强度和程度更高。一起，这些发现扩展了目前对区分 WCG 与对照的神经机制的理解，并表明 WCG 中的大脑解剖网络可塑性是由长期强化训练产生的。未来的研究应该评估遗传或早期环境因素在 WCG 的大脑网络组织中的贡献。此外，脑拓扑指标（即连接密度和图论指标）可以成为客观评价体操表现的标志。

更新日期：2021-07-10

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