Objective

To elucidate the antinociceptive, physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and xylazine in hybrid goats.

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Animals

A total of 30 female hybrid goats aged 1–2 years and weighing 25 ± 2.9 kg (mean ± standard deviation).

Methods

The goats were divided into five groups and administered xylazine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹; group XYL.1), xylazine (0.3 mg kg⁻¹; group XYL.3), EA (group EA), EA + xylazine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹; group XYL.1-EA) and 0.9% saline (0.3 mL; control group CON). Nociceptive threshold and serum glucose concentration were measured at time 0 and at 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 24 hours after treatment. Nociceptive threshold was measured by passing potassium ions through the skin using potassium iontophoresis. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (f_R) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded at times 0 and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 24 hours. Repeated-measures analyses were performed for each response variable; p < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.

Results

Antinociceptive effects in groups XYL.1 and XYL.3 were increased significantly at 15–60 minutes compared with group CON. Antinociceptive effect was higher in group XYL.1-EA than groups XYL.1 or EA at 15–60 minutes (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the nociceptive threshold was recorded in groups XYL.1-EA and XYL.3, except at 30 minutes. HR, MAP, f_R, RT values were higher in group XYL.1-EA than in groups XYL.1 or XYL.3. Serum glucose concentration was higher in group XYL.3 at 15–60 minutes than in CON.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The XYL.1 and EA combination was effective for antinociception with minimum physiologic alteration, suggesting that the combination may be a new and effective strategy for pain relief during clinical procedures in goats.

中文翻译：

---

电针联合赛拉嗪对杂交山羊的镇痛、生理和生化作用

客观的

阐明电针 (EA) 和甲苯噻嗪对杂交山羊的镇痛、生理和生化作用。

学习规划

前瞻性实验研究。

动物

总共 30 只雌性杂交山羊，年龄 1-2 岁，体重 25 ± 2.9 kg（平均值 ± 标准偏差）。

方法

将山羊分成五组并施用甲苯噻嗪（0.1 mg kg ^-1；XYL.1组）、甲苯噻嗪（0.3 mg kg ^-1；XYL.3组）、EA（EA组）、EA+甲苯噻嗪（0.1 mg kg ^-1；组XYL.1-EA）和0.9%盐水（0.3mL；对照组CON）。在时间 0 和治疗后 15、30、45、60 分钟和 24 小时测量伤害性阈值和血清葡萄糖浓度。通过使用钾离子电渗疗法使钾离子穿过皮肤来测量伤害感受阈值。平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率 (HR)、呼吸频率 ( f _R) 和直肠温度 (RT) 在时间 0 和 5、10、15、20、30、45、60 分钟和 24 小时记录。对每个响应变量进行重复测量分析； 对于所有分析，p < 0.05 被认为是显着的。

结果

与 CON 组相比，XYL.1 和 XYL.3 组的镇痛作用在 15-60 分钟时显着增加。在 15-60 分钟时，XYL.1-EA 组的镇痛作用高于 XYL.1 组或 EA 组（p < 0.05）。除 30 分钟外，在 XYL.1-EA 和 XYL.3 组中记录的伤害感受阈值没有显着差异。XYL.1-EA 组的HR、MAP、f _R、RT 值高于 XYL.1 或 XYL.3 组。15-60 分钟时，XYL.3 组的血清葡萄糖浓度高于 CON。

结论和临床相关性

XYL.1 和 EA 组合对镇痛作用有效，生理改变最小，表明该组合可能是山羊临床手术过程中缓解疼痛的一种新的有效策略。