Spinal cord injury (SCI) destroys the sensorimotor pathway and blocks the information flow between the peripheral nerve and the brain, resulting in autonomic function loss. Numerous studies have explored the effects of obstructed information flow on brain structure and function and proved the extensive plasticity of the brain after SCI. Great progress has also been achieved in therapeutic strategies for SCI to restore the “re-innervation” of the cerebral cortex to the limbs to some extent. Although no thorough research has been conducted, the changes of brain structure and function caused by “re-domination” have been reported. This article is a review of the recent research progress on local structure, functional changes, and circuit reorganization of the cerebral cortex after SCI. Alterations of structure and electrical activity characteristics of brain neurons, features of brain functional reorganization, and regulation of brain functions by reconfigured information flow were also explored. The integration of brain function is the basis for the human body to exercise complex/fine movements and is intricately and widely regulated by information flow. Hence, its changes after SCI and treatments should be considered.

脊髓损伤（SCI）破坏感觉运动通路并阻断周围神经和大脑之间的信息流，导致自主神经功能丧失。大量研究探讨了信息流受阻对大脑结构和功能的影响，并证明了SCI后大脑的广泛可塑性。SCI的治疗策略也取得了很大进展，在一定程度上恢复了大脑皮层对四肢的“重新神经支配”。虽然还没有进行彻底的研究，但“重新统治”引起的大脑结构和功能的变化已有报道。本文对SCI后大脑皮层局部结构、功能变化及回路重组的最新研究进展进行综述。还探讨了脑神经元结构和电活动特征的改变、脑功能重组的特征以及重构信息流对脑功能的调节。脑功能整合是人体进行复杂/精细运动的基础，受到信息流错综复杂的调控。因此，应考虑 SCI 和治疗后其变化。