ABSTRACT

Introduction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell–cell communication and regulation of various cellular functions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions through transferring their cargo to recipient cells. Molecular constituents of EVs are a fingerprinting profile of secreting cells which can be used as promising prognostic, diagnostic, and drug-response biomarkers in clinical settings.

Areas covered

The present study provides a brief introduction about the biology of EVs and reviews methodologies used for EV isolation and characterization as well as high-throughput strategies to analyze EV contents. Furthermore, this review highlights the importance and unique role of EVs in the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, especially GI cancers, and then discusses their potential use, particularly those isolated from body fluids, in diagnosis and prognosis of GI diseases.

Expert opinion

In-depth analysis of EV content can lead to the identification of new potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of GI diseases. The use of a more targeted approach by establishing more reproducible and standardized methods to decrease variations and obtain desired EV population as well as revisiting large pools of identified biomarkers and their evaluation in larger patient cohorts can result in the introduction of more reliable biomarkers in clinic.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡在胃肠疾病生物标记中的新作用

摘要

介绍

细胞外囊泡（EVs）通过将其货物转移到受体细胞，在生理和病理生理条件下的细胞间通讯和各种细胞功能的调节中发挥重要作用。EV 的分子成分是分泌细胞的指纹图谱，可在临床环境中用作有希望的预后、诊断和药物反应生物标志物。

涵盖的领域

本研究简要介绍了 EV 的生物学，并回顾了用于 EV 隔离和表征的方法以及分析 EV 内容的高通量策略。此外，本综述强调了 EV 在胃肠道 (GI) 疾病，特别是 GI 癌症的发展和进展中的重要性和独特作用，然后讨论了它们在胃肠道疾病诊断和预后中的潜在用途，特别是从体液中分离出来的那些。

专家意见

对 EV 含量的深入分析可以导致识别新的潜在生物标志物，用于 GI 疾病的早期诊断和预后预测。通过建立更具可重复性和标准化的方法来减少变异并获得所需的 EV 群体，以及重新审视大量已识别的生物标志物并在更大的患者群体中对其进行评估，从而使用更有针对性的方法，可以在临床中引入更可靠的生物标志物。