Using data on nearly 2 million respondents from the United States and Europe, we show the partial correlation between union membership and employee job satisfaction is positive and statistically significant. This runs counter to findings in the seminal work of Freeman and Borjas in the 1970s. For the United States, we show the association between union membership and job satisfaction switched from negative to positive in the 2000s. Cohorts with positive union effects over time come to dominate those with negative effects. The negative association between membership and job satisfaction is apparent in cohorts born before the 1960s but turns positive for those born between the 1960s and 1990s. Analyses for Europe since the 2000s confirm the positive association between union membership and worker well-being is apparent elsewhere. Panel estimates for the United Kingdom also find a positive relation between union membership and job satisfaction. A positive union association with other aspects of worker well-being including life satisfaction, happiness and trust is apparent in cross-sectional data for Europe. Union members are also less likely to be stressed, worried, depressed, sad or lonely. The findings have important implications for our understanding of trade unionism.

中文翻译：

---

工会和工人的福祉

使用来自美国和欧洲的近 200 万受访者的数据，我们显示工会会员身份与员工工作满意度之间的部分相关性是正向且具有统计显着性。这与 Freeman 和 Borjas 在 1970 年代的开创性工作中的发现背道而驰。对于美国，我们展示了工会成员身份与工作满意度之间的关联在 2000 年代由负转正。随着时间的推移，具有积极联合效应的队列逐渐超过了具有消极影响的队列。成员资格与工作满意度之间的负相关关系在 1960 年代之前出生的人群中很明显，但对于 1960 年代和 1990 年代之间出生的人来说则变为正相关。自 2000 年代以来对欧洲的分析证实，工会会员资格与工人福利之间的正相关关系在其他地方也很明显。英国的面板估计也发现工会成员和工作满意度之间存在正相关关系。在欧洲的横断面数据中，工会与工人幸福感的其他方面（包括生活满意度、幸福感和信任度）之间存在积极的关联。工会成员也不太可能感到压力、担心、沮丧、悲伤或孤独。这些发现对我们理解工会主义具有重要意义。