Personalization in Health Care services has gained popularity in recent years with the advancement and rapid deployment of wearable devices, smartphones with powerful sensors, Internet of Things, and Telemedicine solutions. It has now become necessary that the patient keeps the ownership of the personal medical data, securely organizes and shares them with the remaining anonymous in the system. In this paper, we propose a blockchain, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), and encryption based highly secure network framework responsible for medical data input, transmission, distribution, analysis, and management among patients, doctors, and remote servers resourced with automatic report generation. To make the system highly scalable and reduce the cost of each transaction in Blockchain incurred by cryptocurrency, BigchainDB and IPFS have been utilised which are P2P networks and do not require cryptocurrency for transactions. We have also implemented a divisible token-based payment system where patients transfer ownership of certain amounts of tokens to doctors for getting feedback on reports. Patients can input data, view transactions, generate reports, request for doctor’s feedback, and manage payments. Doctors, registered by the system, may decide to access reports, provide feedback, and check their payment status. Users (Doctor, Patients) will remain completely anonymous to each other and their activity and data will be encrypted and immutable in the proposed system. A smartphone-based application has been developed as a demonstration that can record audio representing phonocardiography (PCG) from patients, send it to the remote server for report generation and to a doctor for receiving feedback while maintaining data integrity. The remote server can also be equipped with AI based automated diagnosis and thus the proposed framework can further be scaled in the near future. We evaluated the performance of our proposed framework through BigchainDB-based Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) testbed that confirms a nearly 20 fold reduction of execution and validation time for 2000 concurrent transactions, and higher throughput compared to the existing literature.

近年来，随着可穿戴设备、具有强大传感器的智能手机、物联网和远程医疗解决方案的进步和快速部署，医疗保健服务的个性化越来越受欢迎。现在有必要让患者保留个人医疗数据的所有权，安全地组织它们并将其与系统中剩余的匿名用户共享。在本文中，我们提出了一个基于区块链、星际文件系统 (IPFS) 和加密的高度安全网络框架，负责医疗数据在患者、医生和远程服务器之间的输入、传输、分发、分析和管理，并提供自动报告生成资源. 为了使系统具有高度可扩展性并降低加密货币在区块链中的每笔交易的成本，BigchainDB 和 IPFS 已被使用，它们是 P2P 网络，不需要加密货币进行交易。我们还实施了一个基于代币的可分割支付系统，患者可以将一定数量代币的所有权转让给医生，以获得对报告的反馈。患者可以输入数据、查看交易、生成报告、请求医生反馈以及管理付款。系统注册的医生可以决定访问报告、提供反馈并检查他们的付款状态。用户（医生、患者）彼此之间将保持完全匿名，他们的活动和数据将在提议的系统中加密且不可变。已经开发了一种基于智能手机的应用程序作为演示，它可以记录来自患者的代表心音图 (PCG) 的音频，将其发送到远程服务器以生成报告，并发送到医生以接收反馈，同时保持数据完整性。远程服务器还可以配备基于人工智能的自动诊断，因此所提出的框架可以在不久的将来进一步扩展。我们通过基于 BigchainDB 的拜占庭容错 (BFT) 测试平台评估了我们提出的框架的性能，该测试平台确认与现有文献相比，2000 个并发事务的执行和验证时间减少了近 20 倍，并且吞吐量更高。