Relatively little is known about the diversity of fungi in deep-sea, hydrothermal sediments. Less thoroughly explored environments are likely untapped reservoirs of unique biodiversity with the potential to augment our current arsenal of microbial compounds with biomedical and/or industrial applications. In this study, we applied traditional culture-based methods to examine a subset of the morphological and phylogenetic diversity of filamentous fungi and yeasts present in 11 hydrothermally influenced sediment samples collected from eight sites on the seafloor of Guaymas Basin, Mexico. A total of 12 unique isolates affiliating with Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were obtained and taxonomically identified on the basis of morphological features and analyses of marker genes including actin, β-tubulin, small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rRNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal DNA (26S rRNA) D1/D2 domain sequences (depending on taxon). A total of 11 isolates possess congeners previously detected in, or recovered from, deep-sea environments. A total of seven isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against human bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-35556 and/or Escherichia coli ATCC-25922. This first investigation suggests that hydrothermal environments may serve as promising reservoirs of much greater fungal diversity, some of which may produce biomedically useful metabolites.

中文翻译：

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深海热液喷口沉积物揭示具有抗菌活性的多种真菌

对深海热液沉积物中真菌的多样性知之甚少。不太彻底探索的环境可能是未开发的独特生物多样性水库，有可能通过生物医学和/或工业应用来增加我们目前的微生物化合物库。在这项研究中，我们应用传统的基于培养的方法来检查从墨西哥瓜伊马斯盆地海底的 8 个地点收集的 11 个受热液影响的沉积物样本中存在的丝状真菌和酵母的形态和系统发育多样性的一个子集。共获得了 12 个与子囊菌门和担子菌门有关的独特分离株，并根据形态特征和标记基因分析进行了分类鉴定，包括肌动蛋白、β-微管蛋白、小亚基核糖体 DNA (18S rRNA)、内部转录间隔区 (ITS) 和大亚基核糖体 DNA (26S rRNA) D1/D2 域序列（取决于分类群）。共有 11 个分离株具有先前在深海环境中检测到或回收的同源物。共有 7 个分离株对人类细菌病原体表现出抗菌活性金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC-35556 和/或大肠杆菌ATCC-25922。第一项调查表明，热液环境可能是具有更大真菌多样性的有希望的水库，其中一些可能会产生生物医学上有用的代谢物。