Using molecular dynamics methods, we investigated the spall damage in single crystal tin under different shock pressures. The results show that release melting and shock melting occur when the shock velocities increase in the metallic tin. The spall strengths in the molten tin are ~1.5–2.0 GPa lower than that in solid. When release melting occurs, the spall strength drops rapidly, whereas the downtrend of the spall strength becomes gentle during shock melting. The results also show that the spall strength is affected by not only the shock pressure and phase state, but also the temperature and strain rate. By visualizing the development of spall damage, we find that it forms a spall layer in the solid. In molten tin, a cavitation region with a large volume is formed. The maximum number of voids increases with an increase in the shock pressure. The growth rate of the void volume fraction slows down after reaching the initial time of void growth at different impact pressures. We elucidated the variation trend of spall strength between solid and molten tin under different shock pressures. The relevant results can provide a reference for future studies on spall damage investigations.

我们使用分子动力学方法研究了不同冲击压力下单晶锡的剥落损伤。结果表明，当金属锡中的冲击速度增加时，会发生释放熔化和冲击熔化。熔融锡的剥落强度比固体低约 1.5-2.0 GPa。当发生释放熔化时，剥落强度迅速下降，而在激熔过程中剥落强度的下降趋势变得平缓。结果还表明，剥落强度不仅受冲击压力和相态的影响，还受温度和应变速率的影响。通过可视化剥落损伤的发展，我们发现它在固体中形成了剥落层。在熔融锡中，会形成体积较大的空化区。最大空隙数随着冲击压力的增加而增加。在不同的冲击压力下达到空隙增长的初始时间后，空隙体积分数的增长速度减慢。我们阐明了不同冲击压力下固体和熔融锡之间的剥落强度变化趋势。相关结果可为后续的剥落损伤调查研究提供参考。