This paper proposes an effective numerical method to predict welding distortion for large welded structures. To predict welding distortions, inherent strain-based methods are computationally efficient and widely used in engineering fields. However, there are some drawbacks such as the generation of undesirable longitudinal forces and the use of vector-type input variables. Equivalent loads are derived through finite element formulation considering orthotropic thermal expansion conditions. Unlike previous methods, the proposed method predicts transverse shrinkage and angular distortion accurately, removing the undesirable longitudinal forces. In addition, scalar-type input variables are employed, which results in a convenient design procedure. The performance of the proposed method is verified through various examples including complex and large welded structures.

中文翻译：

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基于正交各向异性热膨胀系数的大型焊接结构焊接变形分析新方法

本文提出了一种有效的数值方法来预测大型焊接结构的焊接变形。为了预测焊接变形，基于固有应变的方法在计算上是高效的，并广泛应用于工程领域。但是，也存在一些缺点，例如产生不希望的纵向力和使用矢量类型的输入变量。等效载荷是通过考虑正交各向异性热膨胀条件的有限元公式得出的。与以前的方法不同，所提出的方法可以准确预测横向收缩和角变形，从而消除不需要的纵向力。此外，采用标量类型的输入变量，这导致设计过程方便。