For the realization of small-scale biomass-to-liquid (BTL) processes, low-cost syngas cleaning remains a major obstacle, and for this reason a simplified gas ultracleaning process is being developed. In this study, a low- to medium-temperature final gas cleaning process based on adsorption and organic solvent-free scrubbing methods was coupled to a pilot-scale staged fixed-bed gasification facility including hot filtration and catalytic reforming steps for extended duration gas cleaning tests for the generation of ultraclean syngas. The final gas cleaning process purified syngas from woody and agricultural biomass origin to a degree suitable for catalytic synthesis. The gas contained up to 3000 ppm of ammonia, 1300 ppm of benzene, 200 ppm of hydrogen sulfide, 10 ppm of carbonyl sulfide, and 5 ppm of hydrogen cyanide. Post-run characterization displayed that the accumulation of impurities on the Cu-based deoxygenation catalyst (TOS 105 h) did not occur, demonstrating that effective main impurity removal was achieved in the first two steps: acidic water scrubbing (AWC) and adsorption by activated carbons (AR). In the final test campaign, a comprehensive multipoint gas analysis confirmed that ammonia was fully removed by the scrubbing step, and benzene and H₂S were fully removed by the subsequent activated carbon beds. The activated carbons achieved > 90% removal of up to 100 ppm of COS and 5 ppm of HCN in the syngas. These results provide insights into the adsorption affinity of activated carbons in a complex impurity matrix, which would be arduous to replicate in laboratory conditions.

为了实现小规模生物质液化（BTL）工艺，低成本合成气净化仍然是一个主要障碍，因此正在开发一种简化的气体超净化工艺。在这项研究中，基于吸附和有机无溶剂洗涤方法的中低温最终气体净化工艺与中试规模的分段固定床气化设施相结合，包括热过滤和催化重整步骤，以延长持续时间的气体净化超净合成气的产生试验。最终的气体净化过程将木质和农业生物质来源的合成气净化到适合催化合成的程度。该气体含有高达 3000 ppm 的氨、1300 ppm 的苯、200 ppm 的硫化氢、10 ppm 的硫化羰和 5 ppm 的氰化氢。运行后表征表明，铜基脱氧催化剂 (TOS 105 h) 上没有发生杂质积累，表明前两个步骤实现了有效的主要杂质去除：酸性水洗涤 (AWC) 和活化吸附。碳（AR）。在最后的测试活动中，综合多点气体分析证实，洗涤步骤完全去除了氨，苯和 H₂ S 被随后的活性炭床完全去除。活性炭可将合成气中高达 100 ppm 的 COS 和 5 ppm 的 HCN 去除 > 90%。这些结果提供了对活性炭在复杂杂质基质中的吸附亲和力的见解，这在实验室条件下难以复制。