The invasion of jumping worms, a small group of pheretimoid earthworm species from Asia, has increasingly become an ecological, environmental and conservation issue in forest ecosystems and urban-suburban landscapes around the world. Their presence is often noticed due to their high abundance, distinctive “jumping” behavior, and prominent granular casts on the soil surface. Although they are known to affect soil carbon dynamics and nutrient availability, no single paper has summarized their profound impacts on soil biodiversity, plant community, and animals of all trophic groups that rely on soil and the leaf litter layer for habitat, food, and shelter. In this study, we summarize the biology, invasion, and ecological impacts of invasive jumping worms across North America. We highlight potential impacts of this second wave of earthworm invasion, contrast them with the preceding European earthworm invasion in temperate forests in North America, and identify annual life cycle, reproductive and cocoon survival strategies, casting behavior and co-invasion dynamics as the key factors that contribute to their successful invasion and distinct ecological impacts. We then suggest potential management and control strategies for practitioners and policy makers, underscore the importance of coordinated community science projects in tracking the spread, and identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to understand and control the invasion.

跳虫是来自亚洲的一小群拟类蚯蚓物种，其入侵已日益成为世界各地森林生态系统和城市郊区景观中的生态、环境和保护问题。由于它们的丰度高、独特的“跳跃”行为以及在土壤表面上突出的颗粒状铸件，它们的存在经常被注意到。尽管已知它们会影响土壤碳动态和养分有效性，但没有一篇论文总结过它们对土壤生物多样性、植物群落和所有依赖土壤和落叶层作为栖息地、食物和庇护所的所有营养群体的动物的深远影响. 在这项研究中，我们总结了北美入侵性跳虫的生物学、入侵和生态影响。我们强调了第二波蚯蚓入侵的潜在影响，将它们与之前在北美温带森林中的欧洲蚯蚓入侵进行对比，并确定年度生命周期、繁殖和茧生存策略、铸造行为和共同入侵动态是促成它们成功入侵和独特生态影响的关键因素。然后，我们为从业者和政策制定者提出潜在的管理和控制策略，强调协调社区科学项目在跟踪传播方面的重要性，并确定需要解决的知识差距，以了解和控制入侵。铸造行为和共同入侵动态是促成其成功入侵和独特生态影响的关键因素。然后，我们为从业者和政策制定者提出潜在的管理和控制策略，强调协调社区科学项目在跟踪传播方面的重要性，并确定需要解决的知识差距，以了解和控制入侵。铸造行为和共同入侵动态是促成其成功入侵和独特生态影响的关键因素。然后，我们为从业者和政策制定者提出潜在的管理和控制策略，强调协调社区科学项目在跟踪传播方面的重要性，并确定需要解决的知识差距，以了解和控制入侵。