The turn of the nineteenth century saw an increasing encroachment of Russian explorations into and around isolationist Japan, culminating with the capture and imprisonment of Russian naval captain Vasily Golovnin in 1811. These Russian attempts to “open” Japan were a threat to the established contact between Japan and Europe through the Dutch base in Dejima at Nagasaki, which gave the Dutch a monopoly on relations and the transfer of knowledge between Japan and Europe. However, Russia’s imperial designs in the North Pacific and the Napoleonic wars, which reduced Dutch power, threatened this monopoly, offering new perspectives on Japan and throwing political relations with the Japanese Shogunate (Bakufu) into turmoil. This paper compares Dutch and Russian approaches to contact with Japan at the turn of the nineteenth century and examines how actions such as Golovnin’s imprisonment foreshadowed an end for Japanese isolationism and the Dutch monopoly on contact with the Shogunate.

19 世纪之交，俄罗斯对孤立主义日本及其周边地区的探索越来越多，最终于 1811 年逮捕和监禁了俄罗斯海军上尉瓦西里·戈洛夫宁。日本和欧洲通过位于长崎出岛的荷兰基地，这让荷兰垄断了日本和欧洲之间的关系和知识转移。然而，俄罗斯在北太平洋的帝国计划和削弱荷兰实力的拿破仑战争威胁到了这种垄断，为日本提供了新的视角，并引发了与日本幕府（幕府）的政治关系陷入混乱。本文比较了荷兰和俄罗斯在 19 世纪之交与日本接触的方法，并考察了戈洛夫宁被监禁等行动如何预示着日本孤立主义和荷兰垄断与幕府接触的终结。