On an ‘internalist’ picture, knowledge isn’t necessary for understanding the nature of perception and perceptual experience. This contrasts with the ‘knowledge first’ picture, according to which it’s essential to the nature of successful perceiving as a mental state that it’s a way of knowing. It’s often thought that naturalistic theorizing about the mind should adopt the internalist picture. However, I argue that a powerful, recently prominent framework for scientific study of the mind, ‘predictive processing,’ instead supports the knowledge first picture. Under predictive processing, it’s intrinsic to successful perceiving that it’s a state with the kind of modal robustness that’s distinctive of knowledge, which gives us reason to think of successful perceiving along knowledge first lines. Furthermore, I argue that the predictive processing framework encourages us to conceptualize experiences which don’t amount to knowledge along knowledge first lines, as states which by their nature fall short of knowledge.

从“内在主义”的角度来看，理解知觉和知觉体验的本质不需要知识。这与“知识至上”的图景形成对比，根据该图景，成功感知作为一种心理状态的本质是一种认知方式。人们通常认为关于心灵的自然主义理论应该采用内在主义的画面。然而，我认为，一个强大的、最近突出的大脑科学研究框架，“预测处理”，反而支持知识第一图。在预测处理下，成功感知的内在本质是它是一种具有知识特有的模态鲁棒性的状态，这使我们有理由考虑沿着知识的第一线进行成功感知。此外，