Spectroscopy plays a vital role in the identification and characterization of minerals on terrestrial and planetary surfaces. We review the three different spectroscopic techniques for characterizing minerals on the Earth and lunar surfaces separately. Seven sedimentary and metamorphic terrestrial rock samples were analyzed with three field-based spectrometers, i.e., Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and visible to near infrared and shortwave infrared (Vis–NIR–SWIR) spectrometers. Similarly, a review of work done by previous researchers on lunar rock samples was also carried out for their Raman, Vis–NIR–SWIR, and thermal (mid-infrared) spectral responses. It has been found in both the cases that the spectral information such as Si-O-Si stretching (polymorphs) in Raman spectra, identification of impurities, Christiansen and Restrahlen band center variation in mid-infrared spectra, location of elemental substitution, the content of iron, and shifting of the band center of diagnostic absorption features at 1 and 2 μm in reflectance spectra are contributing to the characterization and identification of terrestrial and lunar minerals. We show that quartz can be better characterized by considering silica polymorphs from Raman spectra, emission features in the range of 8 to 14 μm in FTIR spectra, and reflectance absorption features from Vis–NIR–SWIR spectra. KREEP materials from Apollo 12 and 14 samples are also better characterized using integrated spectroscopic studies. Integrated spectral responses felicitate comprehensive characterization and better identification of minerals. We suggest that Raman spectroscopy and visible and NIR-thermal spectroscopy are the best techniques to explore the Earth’s and lunar mineralogy.

中文翻译：

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用于地球和月球矿物学的拉曼光谱、发射光谱和反射光谱的整合

光谱学在地球和行星表面矿物的识别和表征中起着至关重要的作用。我们分别回顾了用于表征地球和月球表面矿物的三种不同光谱技术。用三个基于现场的光谱仪，即拉曼光谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 (FTIR) 以及可见到近红外和短波红外 (Vis-NIR-SWIR) 光谱仪分析了七个沉积和变质陆地岩石样品。同样，也对先前研究人员对月球岩石样本所做的工作进行了审查，以了解他们的拉曼、Vis-NIR-SWIR 和热（中红外）光谱响应。在这两种情况下都发现了光谱信息，例如拉曼光谱中的 Si-O-Si 拉伸（多晶型）、杂质的识别、Christiansen 和 Restrahlen 中红外光谱中的波段中心变化、元素取代的位置、铁含量以及反射光谱中 1 和 2 μm 诊断吸收特征的波段中心的移动有助于表征和识别陆地和月球矿物。我们表明，通过考虑来自拉曼光谱的二氧化硅多晶型物、FTIR 光谱中 8 至 14 μm 范围内的发射特征以及来自 Vis-NIR-SWIR 光谱的反射吸收特征，可以更好地表征石英。来自阿波罗 12 号和 14 号样品的 KREEP 材料也可以使用集成光谱研究更好地表征。综合光谱响应有助于矿物的综合表征和更好的识别。