Personalized therapeutic vaccines against immune desert tumors are an increasingly important field in current cancer immunotherapy. However, limitations in neoantigen recognition, impotent immune cells, and a lack of intratumoral infiltrated lymphocytes pose challenges for the cancer vaccines. Resected tumors contain various of patient-specific tumor autoantigens (TA), and its derived photonanovaccines have unique competency to overcome abovementioned barriers. We constructed a novel personalized photonanovaccine (B@TA-R848) with surgically sourced TA modified on two-dimensional boron nanosheets (BNSs) via polydopamine coating and loaded with immune adjuvant R848. B@TA-R848 has good properties of drug delivery and release, photoacoustic imaging, photothermal effect, and biocompatibility. In a mouse triple-negative breast cancer model, B@TA-R848-based photonanovaccine induced effective systemic antitumor immune responses, altered the local tumor microenvironment, and increased the intratumoral infiltration of immune cells. The combined photo immunotherapy could significantly inhibit tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. This work develops a novel photonanovaccine for low immunogenicity and high metastatic potential tumors, which is of great significance for exploring the clinical development of personalized tumor vaccines against immune desert tumors.

中文翻译：

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自体肿瘤抗原和基于硼纳米片的纳米疫苗用于增强针对免疫沙漠肿瘤的光免疫疗法

针对免疫沙漠肿瘤的个性化治疗疫苗是当前癌症免疫治疗中越来越重要的领域。然而，新抗原识别的局限性、免疫细胞的无能以及肿瘤内浸润淋巴细胞的缺乏对癌症疫苗构成了挑战。切除的肿瘤含有多种患者特异性肿瘤自身抗原（TA），其衍生的光纳米疫苗具有克服上述障碍的独特能力。我们构建了一种新型的个性化光纳米疫苗 (B@TA-R848)，其中通过聚多巴胺涂层在二维硼纳米片 (BNS) 上修饰了手术来源的 TA，并加载了免疫佐剂 R848。B@TA-R848具有良好的药物递送和释放、光声成像、光热效应和生物相容性等特性。在小鼠三阴性乳腺癌模型中，基于 B@TA-R848 的光纳米疫苗诱导有效的全身抗肿瘤免疫反应，改变局部肿瘤微环境，并增加免疫细胞的肿瘤内浸润。联合光免疫治疗可以显着抑制肿瘤的生长、复发和转移。该工作开发了一种针对低免疫原性和高转移潜能肿瘤的新型光纳米疫苗，对于探索针对免疫沙漠肿瘤的个性化肿瘤疫苗的临床开发具有重要意义。