Abstract: The distributional impact of the low-carbon transition is an increasingly important topic both for academics and policymakers. Quantifying where the costs and benefits fall can provide greater insight into the equity and cost-effectiveness of government policies, and improve our understanding of household investment decisions. This paper provides new evidence on the distribution of returns from energy efficiency measures both over time and across household-type. A range of econometric techniques are applied to a database of over four million households over an eight year period to quantify heterogeneity, persistence and how these factors impact the relative cost-effectiveness of measures. Results suggest that more deprived households experience lower energy savings, the difference persists over time, and that significantly heterogeneity may be present across levels of deprivation and income deciles that can not be explained by differences in baseline consumption. Measures have been largely cost-effective but savings are much lower than previous policy evaluations using ex-ante estimates would suggest.

中文翻译：

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量化能效措施的分布影响

摘要：低碳转型的分布影响对于学术界和政策制定者来说是一个越来越重要的话题。量化成本和收益下降的位置可以更深入地了解政府政策的公平性和成本效益，并提高我们对家庭投资决策的理解。本文提供了关于能源效率措施回报随时间和家庭类型分布的新证据。一系列计量经济学技术应用于八年期间超过四百万个家庭的数据库，以量化异质性、持续性以及这些因素如何影响措施的相对成本效益。结果表明，越贫困家庭的节能效果越低，这种差异会随着时间的推移而持续存在，并且在贫困水平和收入十分位数之间可能存在显着的异质性，这无法用基线消费的差异来解释。措施在很大程度上具有成本效益，但节省的成本远低于使用事前估计的先前政策评估所表明的。