Annual bottom trawl surveys were initiated in the 1970s in Laurentian Great Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan and Ontario and in 1990 in Erie to provide annual assessments of the status and trends of prey fish communities. Native Cisco Coregonus artedi and Bloater C. hoyi dominated the prey fish community of Lake Superior. Prey fish communities in lakes Huron and Michigan were dominated by nonnative Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus for much of 1978-2016, but Bloater was an important species during the 1980-1990s and more recently has become the dominant prey species in these lakes. Alewife dominated the prey fish community of Lake Ontario during all 1978-2016. While nonnatives dominated the prey fish community in Lake Erie, native Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides was an important species and occasionally the dominant prey fish after the establishment of Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus in the late 1990s. During the 1980s-1990s Bythotrephes cederstroemi, Dreissena polymorpha, and Dreissena bugensis caused profound changes in Laurentian Great Lakes ecosystems and likely contributed to declines in fish community biomass in lakes Michigan and Huron. The impacts of these invaders were more muted in lakes Erie and Ontario. Lake Superior stands out as the Laurentian Great Lakes success story: Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush was restored, and native prey fishes dominate and support a viable fishery. Although the abundance of Bloater has increased recently in lakes Huron and Michigan, recovery of native prey fishes remains uncertain. The absence of native species among the principal prey fish in Lake Ontario indicates a lack of progress in native fish recovery. Recovery of native prey fishes remains unclear in Lake Erie. The ever-changing state of the Laurentian Great Lakes caused by the impacts of invasive species and ongoing climate and ecosystem change will continue to challenge restoration of native fish communities in the 21st Century.

中文翻译：

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劳伦大湖的猎物群落：基于底拖网调查的跨流域现状和趋势概览，1978-2016

1970 年代在劳伦森大湖苏必利尔、休伦、密歇根和安大略以及 1990 年在伊利启动了年度底拖网调查，以提供对猎物群落状况和趋势的年度评估。本地 Cisco Coregonus artedi 和 Bloater C. hoyi 主导了苏必利尔湖的猎物群落。在 1978 年至 2016 年的大部分时间里，休伦湖和密歇根湖的猎物群落主要由非本地 Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax 和 Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus 主导，但膨胀鱼在 1980 至 1990 年代是一个重要物种，最近已成为这些湖泊中的主要猎物. 在整个 1978-2016 年期间，Alewife 主导了安大略湖的猎物鱼类群落。虽然非本地人主宰了伊利湖的猎物群落，原生的 Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides 是一个重要的物种，在 1990 年代后期建立 Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus 后偶尔成为优势猎物。在 1980 年代至 1990 年代，Bythotrephes cederstroemi、Dreissena polymorpha 和 Dreissena bugensis 引起了劳伦大湖生态系统的深刻变化，并可能导致密歇根湖和休伦湖鱼类群落生物量下降。这些入侵者的影响在伊利湖和安大略湖中更为温和。苏必利尔湖在劳伦森五大湖的成功故事中脱颖而出：湖鳟鱼 Salvelinus namaycush 得到恢复，本地猎物鱼类占主导地位并支持可行的渔业。尽管最近休伦湖和密歇根湖中浮肿鱼的丰度有所增加，但本地猎物鱼类的恢复仍不确定。安大略湖主要捕食鱼类中没有本地物种表明本地鱼类恢复缺乏进展。在伊利湖中，本地猎物的恢复情况仍不清楚。由入侵物种的影响以及持续的气候和生态系统变化引起的劳伦斯大湖不断变化的状态将继续挑战 21 世纪本地鱼类群落的恢复。