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Philanthropy, diplomacy and built environment expertise at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in the 1960s and 1970s
The Journal of Architecture ( IF 0.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-03 , DOI: 10.1080/13602365.2019.1698637
Ricardo Costa Agarez 1
Affiliation  

When the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation was established in Portugal in 1956, its endowments were channelled to support priority charitable, educational, scientific and arts-related initiatives, both in the country and abroad. To this end, the trust erected a political, diplomatic, technical and administrative machine that, in the second half of the twentieth century, was uncommon there; its Projects and Works Department, SPO (1957–1992), became a built environment production bureaucracy staffed by architects and civil engineers with solid design and technology cultures, working in a finely tuned, relatively well-resourced apparatus. This paper investigates the role of the Gulbenkian Foundation and the SPO in nurturing architectural and engineering research and furthering building science expertise by analysing the aims, structure, work processes, knowledge references, opportunities and reversals of this bureaucracy. I suggest that the SPO, given a mandate for professional excellence, played an essential part in the establishment and consolidation of the Foundation, in Portugal and internationally, with what aimed to be a prompt, efficient, architecturally and technically sophisticated brick-and-mortar presence that would simultaneously help assert and preserve its independence, both ideological and material. The latter was certainly paramount, and the SPO’s architectural-technical expertise was put to full use within the Foundation’s soft-power diplomacy strategy in Iraq, where this department’s action was instrumental in maintaining access to the philanthropy’s oil-concession resources.

中文翻译:

1960 年代和 1970 年代 Calouste Gulbenkian 基金会的慈善、外交和建筑环境专业知识

Calouste Gulbenkian 基金会于 1956 年在葡萄牙成立时,其捐赠资金用于支持国内外的慈善、教育、科学和艺术相关的优先计划。为此,信托建立了一个政治、外交、技术和行政机器,这在 20 世纪下半叶在那里并不常见。其项目和工程部,SPO(1957-1992),成为一个建筑环境生产官僚机构,由具有扎实设计和技术文化的建筑师和土木工程师组成,在一个经过精心调整、资源相对充足的机构中工作。本文通过分析 Gulbenkian 基金会和 SPO 在培养建筑和工程研究以及促进建筑科学专业知识方面的作用,通过分析目标、结构、工作流程、这种官僚主义的知识参考、机会和逆转。我建议 SPO 被赋予专业卓越的使命,在该基金会在葡萄牙和国际上的建立和巩固中发挥了重要作用,旨在成为一个迅速、高效、建筑和技术复杂的实体同时有助于维护和维护其意识形态和物质独立性的存在。后者当然是最重要的,SPO 的建筑技术专长在基金会在伊拉克的软实力外交战略中得到了充分利用,该部门的行动有助于维持对慈善事业石油特许经营资源的访问。被赋予专业卓越的使命,在葡萄牙和国际上建立和巩固基金会的过程中发挥了重要作用,旨在成为迅速、高效、建筑和技术复杂的实体存在,同时有助于维护并保持其在意识形态和物质上的独立性。后者当然是最重要的,SPO 的建筑技术专长在基金会在伊拉克的软实力外交战略中得到了充分利用,该部门的行动有助于维持对慈善事业石油特许经营资源的访问。被赋予专业卓越的使命,在葡萄牙和国际上建立和巩固基金会的过程中发挥了重要作用,旨在成为迅速、高效、建筑和技术复杂的实体存在,同时有助于维护并保持其在意识形态和物质方面的独立性。后者当然是最重要的,SPO 的建筑技术专长在基金会在伊拉克的软实力外交战略中得到充分利用,该部门的行动有助于保持对慈善事业石油特许经营资源的访问。建筑和技术上复杂的实体存在,同时有助于维护和保持其在意识形态和材料上的独立性。后者当然是最重要的,SPO 的建筑技术专长在基金会在伊拉克的软实力外交战略中得到充分利用,该部门的行动有助于保持对慈善事业石油特许经营资源的访问。建筑和技术上复杂的实体存在,同时有助于维护和保持其在意识形态和材料上的独立性。后者当然是最重要的,SPO 的建筑技术专长在基金会在伊拉克的软实力外交战略中得到充分利用,该部门的行动有助于保持对慈善事业石油特许经营资源的访问。
更新日期:2019-10-03
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